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Eq SX Final > Neoplasia - Perez > Flashcards

Neoplasia - Perez Flashcards

1
Q

Sarcoids

A

Most common
Non-metastatic, fibroblastic
Can be locally aggressive
Multifactorial etiology - bovine papilloma virus

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2
Q

Types of sarcoids

A
  1. Occult
  2. Verrucous
  3. Nodular
  4. Fibroblastic
  5. Mixed sarcoids
  6. Malevolent sarcoids
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3
Q

Sarcoids TX

A
  1. SX
  2. Laser
  3. Cryo
  4. Chemo
  5. Radiotherapy
  6. Immunotherapy
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4
Q

Sarcoids chemo

A
  1. Cisplatin

2. Five-fluracil

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5
Q

Sarcoids radiation

A
  1. High reported cure rate
  2. Expensive
  3. possibly only option for non-resectable tumors
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6
Q

Sarcoids Immunotherapy

A
  1. Bacillus Calmette and Guerin
  2. XTERRA and Sarc-off - herbal compounds and cremes
  3. Acyclovir
  4. Autologous vax
  5. Vax with composed chimeric
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7
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A
  1. Locally aggressive, malignant, DON’T UNDERESTIMATE
  2. Approx 20% of equine mucocutaneous tumors
  3. Second most common skin tumor in horse
  4. MC-SCC slow to met to local LNs
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8
Q

Squam most common location

A

periorbital region

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9
Q

Other common SCC locations

A
  1. Genitalia
  2. Face
  3. Ear pinnae
  4. Perianal region
  5. Extremities
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10
Q

Commonly affected breeds SCC

A
  1. Paint
  2. QH
  3. Appies
  4. Drafts
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11
Q

SCC etiology

A
  1. Chronic UV radiation exposure
  2. Chronic keratosis
  3. Novel papillomavirus, equine caballus papillomavirus
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12
Q

SCC DX

A
  1. Clinical appearance
  2. Histopath
  3. FNAs suspicious lymph nodes
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13
Q

SCC tumor differentiation grade

A

G1: well differentiated
G2: moderately differentiated Squamous cells
G3: poorly differentiated

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14
Q

SCC TX

A
  1. Conventional excision when 0.5-1.0 cm margin possible
  2. Do adjunctive treatments
  3. Excise affected LNs
  4. Male penis
    - segmental posthioplasty (reefing)
    - partial phallectomy
    - en bloc penile and preputial resection with penile retroversion
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15
Q

Segmental posthetomy (reefing)

A

Resection of a circumferential segment of internal preputial lamina

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16
Q

SCC radiotherapy

A
  1. Ionizing radiation
  2. Teletherapy
  3. Brachytherapy
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17
Q

SCC chemo

A
  1. Intratumoral cisplatin
  2. 5-fluoracil
  3. Mitomycin-C
  4. Bleomycin
  5. Piroxicam
18
Q

Melanoma

A
  1. 80% gray horses > 15 yrs of age

2. Usually slow growing, NBD unless stop U+ or D+

19
Q

Melanoma predilection sites

A
  1. Perineum
  2. Base of tail
  3. Sheath
  4. Commissures of lips, eyes
  5. Subauricular LNs
  6. Parotid/jugular region
20
Q

Manifestations of melanoma

A
  1. Melanocytic nevus
    - can be seen in non-grays
  2. Discrete dermal melanoma
    - benign or malignant
  3. Dermal melanomatosis
    - larger masses
  4. Anaplastic malignant melanoma
21
Q

Equine malignant melanoma

A
  1. No sex predilection
  2. Initially single small raised nodules
  3. Large tumors
    - limit head movement, other stuff
    - may compromise blood supply
    - bone involvement
22
Q

Primary visceral melanoma

A

Has been documented in

  • GI tract
  • vertebral canal
  • skeletal muscles
  • guttural pouch
  • salivary glands
23
Q

Melanoma TX

A
  1. Surgical excision
  2. CO2 ablation
  3. Cimetidine
  4. Toremifene
  5. Cisplatin
  6. Immunotherapeutics: IL-12 injections
24
Q

UF Melanoma vaccine

A

Targeted therapeutic vaccine (DNA based)

Plasmid encoding for human tyrosinase

25
Q

Habronemiasis (summer sores)

A

Hypersensitivity rxn from aberrant intradermal migration parasitic larvae

26
Q

Habronemiasis predilection sites

A
  1. Lower limbs
  2. medial canthus of eye
  3. urethral process of penis
    * need a break in skin for larva to migrate
27
Q

Habronemiasis appearance

A 
Proliferative
Ulcerative
Granulomatous lesions
Non-healing
Intense pruritis
28
Q

Habronemiasis forms

A

Gastric

Cutaneous

29
Q

Habronemiasis parasites

A
  1. Drashia megastoma
  2. Habronema majus
  3. Habronema muscae nematodes
30
Q

Habronemiasis transmission

A
  1. House flies
  2. Stable flies
  3. Face flies
31
Q

Habronemiasis DDX

A
  1. Sarcoid
  2. SCC
  3. Mast cell tumors
  4. Phytiosis
32
Q

Habronemiasis CS

A

Greasy, serosanguinous with yellow ‘rice grain-like’ material

33
Q

Habronemiasis DX

A
  1. FNA
  2. Scrapings
  3. BX cutaneous lesions
  4. fly eggs/larva in feces
  5. PCR
34
Q

Habronemiasis TX

A
  1. Macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin/moxidectin)
    - orally/topically
  2. Topical corticosteroids
  3. Glucocorticosteroids + DMSO
  4. Surgical excision dense fibrous tissue
  5. Fly control
35
Q

Pythium

A

Pythium insidiosum (oomycete)
Related to algae and diatomeae
Enters through break in skin
Non-transmissible

36
Q

Pythium found in

A

water

soil

37
Q

Pythium DDX

A
  1. Fungal infection
    - Conidiobolus spp
    - Basidiobolus spp
    - Lagenidium spp
  2. Cutaneous habronemiasis
  3. Exuberant granulation tissue
  4. SCC
  5. Fibroplastic sarcoid
38
Q

Pythium cutaneous lesions

A
  1. large, rounded, granulomatous nodular ulcerative tissue
  2. tumor-like lesions with necrotic tissue, eosinophils and hyphae
  3. draining fistula containing cores necrotic yellow material
    - KUNKERS
39
Q

Intestinal Pythium

A

Stenotic fibrous and disseminated gastrointestinal lesions

40
Q

Pythium Biochem abnormalities

A
  1. Anemic-microcytic hypochromic
  2. hypoproteinemia
  3. hyperfibrinogenemia
  4. leukocytosis
    - neutophilia
    - eosinophilia
41
Q

Pythium DX

A
  1. wet mount exam in 10% KOH, then culture
  2. Immunodiffusion
  3. PCR
  4. Cytology and histology
    * Doesn’t stain well on H&E
42
Q

Pythium TX

A
  1. Surgical excision
  2. Multiple therapeutics
  3. High rate recurrence
  4. Antimycotics
  5. Immunotherapy

Eq SX Final (16 decks)

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