Male Urogenital - Bauck

Question 1

Before castration make sure

Answer 1

1. Healthy horse UTD on tetaus

2. Two descended testicles

Question 2

Castration Pre-med

Answer 2

1. Xylazine: 0.5-1.0 mg/kg IV
2. Butorphanol: 0.02-0.05 mg/kg IV right before induction
   - 10 mg/1 ml for 300 kg stud
3. Phenylbutazone: 5-10 ml IV/1-2 grams
4. No antibiotics

Question 3

Castration induction

Answer 3

1. Ketamine: 2-3 mg/kg IV (upper end)
2. Diazepam: 0.06 mg/kg (1/2 volume of ketamine)
   Have top up ready:
   -xylazine IV 0.5-1 ml
   -Ketamine IV 2-3 ml

Question 4

Castration procedure

Answer 4

1. Incision over each testicle (1 cm lateral to median raphe)
2. Closed castration if not too big
3. Place one transfixation ligation proximal on cord while emasculators in place - #2 vicryl

Question 5

Open/closed technique refers to

Answer 5

whether vaginal/parietal tunic was incised/removed

Question 6

Closed technique does not guarantee

Answer 6

prevention of evisceration

Question 7

Modified closed castration procedure

Answer 7

Incise vaginal tunic (mesochorium) and apply emasculators over spermaticord, then apply emasculators over vaginal tunic

Question 8

Reimer

Answer 8

Type of emasculator with a separate handle for cutting

Question 9

Serra

Answer 9

Type of emasculator that cuts and crushes-Nut to Nut

Question 10

Henderson

Answer 10

Instrument for castration, attached to power drill and spins

Question 11

Complications of inguinal approach

Answer 11

1. Selling/edema
2. Infection
3. Hemorrhage
4. Eventration
   - bowel
   - omentum
5. Hydrocele
6. Unaltered behavior
7. Traumatic injury (penis)
8. Urethral transection
9. Peritonitis
10. Pain

Question 12

Infection types

Answer 12

1. Superficial (skin)
2. Septic funiculitis (stump)
   - champignon (strep) mushroom shaped granulation tissue from scrotal incision
   - scirrhous cord (staph) chronic infection of the cord

Question 13

Infection TX

Answer 13

1. Exercise, hydrotherapy, PBZ, Abs
2. Drainage of fluid - sterile technique
3. Scirrhous cord - surgical excision of mass and tracts

Question 14

With donkeys you should always

Answer 14

ligate the cord, they tend to bleed

Question 15

Eventration

Answer 15

1. Can occur w/in 4 hours, up to 12 days post

2. Pack and close for transport to surgical facility

Question 16

Testosterone levels fall

Answer 16

Within hours of castration

-may take up to 60 days for masculine behavior to decline

Question 17

The epididymis does NOT produce

Answer 17

testosterone

Question 18

Cryptorchidism

Answer 18

1. Retained testicle is sterile
2. Unilateral cryptorchids ush fertile, less sperm
3. Hereditary, but complex mode inheritance
4. No link to neoplasia

Question 19

Retained testicles can be

Answer 19

Abdominal or inguinal

Question 20

Inguinal approach

Answer 20

1. Incision over superficial inguinal ring
2. Locate vaginal process, make small incision to expose epididymis
   - connected to testis via proper ligament of testis
3. Apply traction to ligament to exteriorize abdominal testis through vaginal ring

Question 21

If vaginal process is inverted in the abdomen, can be everted by

Answer 21

placing traction on the scrotal ligament (aka inguinal extension of gubernaculum testis)