Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Formation of abundant collagenous stroma

A

Desmoplasia

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2
Q

Benign tumor like condition but disorganized and indigenous tissue

A

Hamartoma

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3
Q

Tumor like condition that is cytologically and architecturally normal

Ectopic origin

A

Choristoma

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4
Q

Lack of differentiation of cells that is considered the hallmark of malignancy

A

Anaplasia

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5
Q

Full thickness dysplasia WITHOUT invasion of basement membrane

A

Dysplasia

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6
Q

True or False:

All metaplastic epithelium is dysplastic

A

False

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7
Q

Primary route of metastasis for carcinomas

A

Lymphatic

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8
Q

Primary route of metastasis for sarcomas

A

Hematogenous

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9
Q

Most common incidence of cancer for children

A

ALL

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10
Q

Most common incidence of cancer for women

A

Breast

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11
Q

Most common incidence of cancer for males

A

Prostate

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12
Q

Most common cause of death of cancer for women and men

A

Lung

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13
Q

Normal cellular genes whose products promote cell proliferation

A

Proto-oncogenes

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14
Q

Mutated or overexpressed versions of proto-oncogenes that function autonomously

A

Oncogenes

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15
Q

Most common type of abnormality involving proto-oncogenes in human tumors

A

RAS mutation

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16
Q

Another fundamental hallmark of carcinogenesis, these apply breaks to cell proliferation

A

Tumor suppressor genes

17
Q

Tumor suppressor gene that is the governor of the cell cycle

A

Rb gene

18
Q

Tumor suppressor gene that is called the guardian of the genome

A

p53

19
Q

Rb gene binds to E2F and render cells impossible to pass this cell cycle checkpoint

A

G1-S

20
Q

Central monitor of stress in the cell, activated by anoxia, inappropriate signaling by mutated oncoproteins or by DNA damage

A

p53

21
Q

This syndrome is caused by inactivation of p53 that predisposes a person to many cancers

A

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

22
Q

Aerobic glycolysis unique to cancer cells that provide carbon moieties necessary for biosynthesis and growth of cancer cells

A

Warburg metabolism

23
Q

Overexpressionof BCL2 apoprotic protein that induces proliferation of germinal center B cells without apoptosis

A

BCL 2

24
Q

Stimulates synthesis of VEGF for angiogenesis

A

RAS
MYC
MAPK

25
Q

Responsible for cell to cell adhesion

Loss of function responsible for invasive lobular breaat cancer and diffuse type gastric CA

A

E-Cadherin

26
Q

Released from immune cells and primary suspect for cancer cachexia

A

TNF- a

27
Q

Most common vascular tumor of infancy

A

Hemangioma

28
Q

Most common teratoma of childhood

A

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

29
Q

Top 3 malignancies in children

A

Leukemias
Neuroblastoma
Wilms tumor

30
Q

Most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood

A

Neuroblastoma

31
Q

Most common site of neuroblastoma

A

Adrenal medulla

32
Q

Tumor cells in neuroblastoma that are around a central space filled with neutrophils

A

Homer-Wright pseudorosettes

33
Q

Extracranial solid tumor in children
Abdominal mass that crosses the midline
Fever, weight loss, produces catecholamines, blueberry muffin baby
Homer Wright rosettes

A

Neuroblastoma

34
Q

Molecular event in neuroblastoma with the most profound impact on prognosis

A

MYCN amplification

35
Q

Most common primary renal tumor of childhood

A

Wilms tumor

36
Q
Unilateral mass
Hematuria
Hypertension
Peak:2-5 years
Classic triphasic tumor
A

Wilms tumor