Blood Vessels Flashcards
Key initiating event in essential hypertension
Reduced Na excretion
Secondary hypertension that involves a gain of function mutation of ENaC channel resulting to salt sensitive hypertension
Liddle syndrome
Vascular pathology in hypertension where there is eosinophilic hyaline material with associated luminal narrowing
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Cells in atherosclerosis that is composed of oxidized lipoproteins that accumulate in macrophages and induce release of growth factos and cytokines
Foam cells
Most common sites of atherosclerosis
Lower abdominal aorta Coronary arteries Popliteal Internal carotid Circle of Willis
Critical stenosis level in atherosclerotic arteries where ischemia starts
70%
Most common cause of aortic dissection
Intimal tear
Most common form of vasculitis among older individuals
Giant cell arteritis
Most common vessel affected in Giant Cell arteritis
Temporal
Most common vessel involved in Takayasu arteritis
Branches of aortic arch
Branches of aortic arch
Ocular disturbance
Pulseless disease- marked weakening of upper extremity pulses
Takyasu
Vasculitidis associated with hepatitis B
Polyarteritis nodosa
Renal and visceral vessels involvement
Prominent fibrinoid necrosis
Hypertension
Polyarteritis nodosa
Common vessel involved in Kawasaki vasculitidis
Coronary arteries
p-ANCA
Associated with connective tissue disorders
Kidney and lung vessels
Hemoptysis, hematuria
Microscopic polyangitis
Small vessel vasculitidis associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis and eosinophilia
Churg- Strauss syndrome
Cutaneous, GIT, renal, cardiac vessels affected
Palpable purpura, GI bleed
PAN and extravascular necrotizing granulomas
Churg- Strauss
c-ANCA Prominent pulmonary involvement Small and medium sized vessels Persistent pneumonitis, sinusitis Cresenteric GN
Granulomatosis with Angiitis
Wegener
Affects small and medium vessels
Wegener
Behcet
Buerger
Affects small to medium vessels
Recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers and uveitis
Neutrophilic infiltration of vessels
Behcet
Affects small and medium vessels usually in the extremities
Associated with cigarette smoking
Claudicatiob
Thrombosis with microabscess
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Buerger
Exaggerated vasoconstriction of arteries and arterioles in the extremities
Red, white and blue appearance
Raynaud phenomenon
Most commonly involved in DVT
Deep leg veins
Most important risk factor for lower extremity DVT
Prolonged immobilization
Migratory superficial vein thrombophlebitis in cancer patients
Trosseau syndrome
Most serious complication of DVT
Pulmonary embolism
Permanent dilation of small vessels that present with a red lesion on the skin/ mucous membranes
Telangiectasia
Nevus flammeus along the trigeminal nerve distribution
Does not fade with time
Port wine stain
Facial port wine nevi Mental retardation Ipsilateral venous angioma Seizure Hemiplegia
Sturge- Weber syndrome
Radial vascular ectasia
Central core that blanches with pressure
Associated with hyperestrenism
Spider telangiectasia
Cavernous hemangioma with infiltrative borders
Does not spontaneously regress
Cerebellum, brainstem, retina, pancreas and liver
Von Hippel-Lindau
Painful tumors usually located in distal portion of the digits, under the fingernails
Arises from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus bodies
Glomus tumor
Stages of Kaposi sarcoma
Patches- red purple macules on LE
Raised plaques
Nodular
