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Patho > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of congenital heart disease

A

Trisomy 21

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2
Q

Most common congenital heart malformation

A

VSD

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3
Q

Presence of this marks irreversibility of CHD lesions

A

Pulmonary hypertension

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4
Q

Most common type of ASD

A

Secundum

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5
Q

CHD
Fixed widely split S2 and murmur
Small defects may spontaneously close
Symptoms may appear later in life ~30 years old

A

ASD

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6
Q

One way valve that allows right to left shunt in utero

Usually seals by 2 years old

A

Patent foramen ovale

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7
Q

Most common type of VSD

A

Perimembranous

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8
Q

Machinery like murmur

Mechanism to bypass unoxygenated lungs and direct blood flow from pulmonary artery to aorta

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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9
Q

Most common cyanotic CHD

A

TOF

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10
Q

Boot shaped heart on xray

Hypoxic tet spells

A

TOF

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11
Q

Egg on the side appearance
Apple on a stem
Common in infants with a diabetic mothers

A

Transposition of great arteries

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12
Q

Infantile coarctation of aorta is associated with this condition

A

Turner syndrome

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13
Q

Prinzmetal angina is caused by

A

Coronary artery spasm

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14
Q

Most common main vessel involved in MI

A

LAD

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15
Q

Type of murmur that involves stenosis of semilunar and regurgitation of AV valves

A

Systolic murmurs

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16
Q

Type of murmur that involves stenosis of AV and regurgitation of semilunar valves

A

Diastolic murmur

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17
Q

Most common cause of VHD

A

Calcific aortic stenosis

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18
Q

Heart valve disease associated with mitral valve prolapse

A

Mitral annular calcification

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19
Q

Interchordal ballooning of the mitral leaflets
Myxomatous degeneration
Attenuation of collagenous fibrosa

A

Mital valve prolapse

20
Q

Aschoff bodies- t lymphocytes, plasma cells
Caterpillar cells- Anitschkow cells - plump activated macrophages
Leaflet thickening
Fishmouth or button hole deformity

A

Rheumatic fever

21
Q

Small vegetations along lines of closure in RHD

A

Verruca

22
Q

Subendocardial irregular thickenings due to regurgitatant jets in RHD

A

MacCallum plaques

23
Q

Diagnostic criteria for RF

A

2 major or

1 major and 2 minor

24
Q

Major manifestations in RF

A 
PECCS
Polyarthritis
Erythema nodosum
Carditis
Chorea
Subcutaneous nodules
25
Q

Hallmark of infective endocarditis

A

Presence of vegetations

26
Q

Common organisms in acute infective endocarditis

A

S. auerus

27
Q

Common organisms in subacute infective endocarditis

A

Viridans strep

HACEK organisms

28
Q

Most commonly affected valve in IE

A

Aortic and mitral

29
Q

Associated with mucinois adenoCA, systemic hypercoagulable states
Small bland vegetations at line of closure
Non invasive no inflammation

A

Nonbacterial Thrombotic

Marantic endocarditis

30
Q

Associated with SLE

Vegetations on sides of valve leaflets

A

Libman- Sacks endocarditis

31
Q

Most common gene defect in Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Titin

32
Q

Most common gene defect in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

B myosin heavy chain

33
Q

Cardiomyopathy secondary to psychologic stress

A

Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy

Dilated

34
Q

Autosomal dominant genetic defect in desmosomes

Severely thinned RV myocardium with fatty infiltration and fibrosis

A

Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy

35
Q

Most common viral cause of myocarditis

A

Coxsackie, enterovirus

36
Q

Most common parasitic cause of myocarditis

A

T. cruzi

Helminthic: trichinella spiralis

37
Q

Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults

A

Myxoma

38
Q

Most common primary cardiac tumor in children

Spider cells

A

Rhabdomyoma

39
Q

Conditions associated with myxoma

A

McCune- Albright

40
Q

Conditions associated with rhabdomyoma

A

Tuberous sclerosis

41
Q

Normal pericardial fluid

A

50ml

42
Q

Beck triad (cardiac tamponade)

A

Muffled heart sounds
Distended neck veins
Arterial hypotension

43
Q

Most common type of acute pericarditis

A

Fibrinous

44
Q

What condition?
Chest pain relieved when leaning forward
Pericardial friction

A

Acute pericarditis

45
Q

Water bottle appearance of the heart
Pulsus paradoxus
Diastolic dysfunction

A

Chronic pericarditis

Patho (11 decks)

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