Neonatology Flashcards
In dystocia/ER c-section versus elective c-section, neonatal compromise differs. However, for both, we cannot guarantee…
all live pups
When performing an elective c-section, you need to determine fetal maturity prior to the procedure. How can you accomplish this?
- GI persistalsis
- kidneys
- biparietal diameter
- HR (<200 = distress, <150 = very bad)
For neonatal resuscitation, we recommend what things be a part of the resuscitation table?
- constant O2 flow with small face masks
- heating source
- warm, dry towels
- bulb syringes, ET tubes (size 1-2), 12-18g IV catheters, larygngoscope
- naloxone, epinephrine
- stethoscope, thermometer, lube
Describe how you would do neonatal resuscitation
- warm, check temp frequently to avoid overheating
- remove reminaing fetal membranes
- suction oral and nasal passages
- oxygen supportive via face masks
- rub and dry to stimulate respiration – no swinging
what are 2 ways you can stimulate respiration in neonates?
- rub chest, perineal, and umbilical areas, rub hair backwards on lumbar area
- jen chung acupuncture point
why should you NOT swing neonatal puppies during resuscitation?
it can cause intracranial trauma
What should you do for hypoxemia-induced bradycardia in neonates?
- chest-compressions
- heat
- epinephrine is no response to compressions
what do you do if a neonate is hypoglycemic?
50% dextrose on gums (this requires them to have good circulation)
or
2.5% glucose/dextrose SQ
Apgar scores should be taken how often post-partum?
5 min
30 min
60 min
120 min
APGAR scores 0-3 indicate…
WEAK vitality
poor prognosis
APGAR scores of 4-6 indicate…
moderate vitality
APGAR scores 7-10 indicate …
normal vitality.
APGAR scores are important because it allows us to focus on…
the most vulnerable neonates
what 3 neonatal reflexes are you looking for?
- suckling
- righting
- rooting
After your initial resuscitation, you determine all of the puppies are alive and APGAR score 8-9. Now what should you do? (5 steps)
- check for congenital malformations
- remove clamp from umbilical cord
- mark puppoes, record their weight, sex, and APGAR scores
- place pups in incubator if they are active, breathing well, and if their temp is >96.
- let them nurse on dam
T/F: puppies should nurse prior to leaving the hospital
true
if a neonate requires tube feeding, how do you measure the tube to ensure proper length?
from last rib to tip of nose.
in order to feed neonatal puppies and kittens, their body temp must be above __.
96 F
what is the MAX stomach capacity for a neonate?
4 mL/100g
When feeding Esbilac/KMR, how much should we feed neonates?
1-3 mL/100g/feeding
how often should you feed a 2-4 wk old puppy or kitten?
every 3-6 hrs
for the first 2 weeks of life, they are fed every 2 hours.
If they continue gaining well after 2-4 weeks, you can take night breaks and decrease frequency
What is the treatment for congenital malformations that are incompatible with life?
euthanasia
start with dexamethasone IM, then pentobarbital intracardiac, IV or IP.
T/F: it is normal for neonatal puppies/kittens to lose <10% of their body weight within the first 24 hrs
true
after that, they should gain 5-10% BW per day.
what are the 4 risk factors for neonatal mortality?
- low birth weight
- low/absent colostrum intake, or low blood IgG concentration
- low APGAR scores
- low growth rate between d0-2
