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Small Animal Theriogenology > Breeding Management > Flashcards

Breeding Management Flashcards

1
Q

When should core vaccines be up to date for breeding dogs?

A

BEFORE they come into heat

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2
Q

What should every client do before breeding their dog?
(4 recommendations/req we make)

A
  1. health testing*
  2. core vxns UTD
  3. test for hw and tick-borne dz
  4. think about/plan for: current diet, current meds, and current exercise
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3
Q

what is the cycle length for dogs?

A

heat cycle is 18-21 days

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4
Q

how long are dogs in the following phases of their cycle?
A. Proestrus
B. Estrus
C. Diestrus
d. Anestrus

A

A. proestrus: 9 days
B. estrus: 9 days
C. diestrus: 60 days
d. Anestrus: 4.5 months

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5
Q

when does estrogen and leutinizing hormone peak in the canine cycle?

A

proestrus

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6
Q

when does progesterone peak in the canine cycle?

A

diestrus

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7
Q

when does ovulation occur in the canine cycle?

A

24-48 hr after LH peak

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8
Q

What is unique about canine ovulation?

A

they ovulate primary oocytes and can only fertilize secondary oocytes

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9
Q

How long is the interestrus interval of dogs?

A

4-12 months

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10
Q

what is the secondary hormone of importance during diestrus of canines?

A

prolactin which helps maintain CLs

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11
Q

cats are seasonly polyestrous and are described as (short/long) day breeders.

A

long (they breed during the spring (Feb-Nov))

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12
Q

how are cats different from dogs in a reproductive sense?

A

they are induced ovulators

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13
Q

how long are the following cycle stages in cats?
A. proestrus
B. estrus
C. postestrus
D. Diestrus, pseudopregnant
E. Diestrus, pregnant
F. anestrus

A

A. proestrus = 0-2 days
B. estrus = 2-19 days
C. postestrus = 8-10 days
D. Diestrus, pseudopreg = 40-45 days
E. Diestrus, preg = 60 days
F. anestrus = 30-90 days

cats will continually cycle from proestrus –> estrus –> postestrus until they are bred. Once they are bred, they go into diestrus. They can then have sterile matings and experience pseudopregnancy, followed by anestrus around day 40. OR, she can get pregnant with the mating and give birth 60d later.
Classic anestrus for cats is from October-January.

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14
Q

Cats require how many matings in order to get pregnant?

A

4+

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15
Q

What is the purpose of vaginal cytology?

A

to look at the response of the stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina to estrogen.
This epithelium is normally very thin (2-4 cells thick), but under the influence of estrogen, becomes 20-40 cells thick to protect the vagina against trauma.

can also tell you if inflammation is present

can also tell you an accurate due date (diestral shift occurs 57d prior to whelping)

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16
Q

What are normal findings of vaginal cytology during proestrus?

A

superficial epithelial cells are cornified (large angular cells with small or no nuclei)
RBCs (diapedesis from uterus)
WBCs (PMNs)
debris in background

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17
Q

What are normal findings of vaginal cytology during estrus?

A

> 90% superficial epithelial cells
NO WBCs
few RBCs
little or no debris

18
Q

what are normal findings of vaginal cytollogy during diestrus?

A

parabaslar cells
influx of PMNs (to clean from cervix being open)

19
Q

What is “routine” for breeding management in most cases?

A
  • Identify the FIRST day of vulvar discharge (day 1)
  • Identify FIRST day of standing estrus
  • Breed her every 2-3 days until she no longer stands (day 10, 12, 14)
  • out of estrus on day 16-18
20
Q

What 2 hormones are required for ‘standing’ behavior in dogs?

A

estrogen and progesterone

21
Q

what is considered the “modern” standard for breeding management in dogs?

A

progesterone testing using semi-quantitative ELISA
Start testing on day 5-7 and sample her every other day

<1 ng/mL = no luteal tissue (anestrus or OHE)
2 ng/mL = LH peak
5 ng/mL = ovulation

22
Q

Ovulation occurs ____ after LH peak

A

24-48 hrs

23
Q

ovulation takes ____ hours to complete.

A

24-48 hrs

24
Q

How many meiotic divisions must occur for a dog to be fertile?

A

2
primary oocytes –> secondary oocytes
this takes 24-48 hrs

25
Q

How many days after the LH peak does fertilization occur?

A

3-6 days

26
Q

how many days from ovulation does PEAK fertility occur?

A

3-4 days

27
Q

What other test is available to use in conjunction with progesterone assays?

A

LH assays

28
Q

how often should a dog be bred during her cycle?

A

depends on the scenario
if natural – EOD as long as she stands
shipped/chilled – semen lasts 5-7d
frozen – 3-4d post-ovulation or 5-7d post LH peak; semen only lasts 12-24 hrs.

29
Q

how is brucella canis transmitted?

A

mucous membranes and fluids (vaginal, urine, and seminal)

30
Q

what can brucella canis cause?

A

abortion (d/t placentitis)
orchitis and epididymitis

31
Q

T/F: brucellosis is non-treatable for breeding stock

A

true

32
Q

what is the best test for canine brucellosis?

A

cornell multiplex test
IFA ok but not as specific or sensitive as CMT

33
Q

what are the required components of semen evaluation?

A
  1. color and clarity
  2. total motility and progressive motility
  3. morphology***
  4. concentration
34
Q

What types of semen can be used for vaginal AI?

A

fresh and shipped-chilled
NEVER frozen!

35
Q

what types of semen can you use for trans-cervical AI (TCI)?

A

fresh, shipped-chilled, or frozen
utilize a videoscope to catheterize the cervix and insert semen directly into uterus.

36
Q

What is the ONLY indication for invasive surgical AI?

A

cases of infertility of a bitch in a specialists hands.

37
Q

how often should you test breeding animals for brucella?

A

every cycle the bitch is bred
(every 3-6 months that dog is actively breeding or before breeding)

38
Q

how do you diagnose brucella?

A

for acute cases: PCR or culture (blood or discharge)
after acute phase: antibody test kits – rapid slide agglutination test, tube agglutination test, agar gel immunodiffusion, IFA

39
Q

At how many days can you palpate “string of pearls” to diagnose pregnancy in small animals?

A

21-28 days

40
Q

When is radiography SAFE to perform as a diagnostic tool for pregnancy?

A

after day 40

41
Q

After what day(s) can you use ultrasound to diagnose pregnancy and confirm fetal viability in small animals?

A

day 22+
day 28 – see heart flutter

Small Animal Theriogenology (14 decks)

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