Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Leeds MBCHB Year 4 Peads > Neonatology > Flashcards

Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is surfactant produced by

A

Type 2 alveolar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does surfactant effect lung surface tension

A

Reduces it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is high surface tension an issue in lungs

A

Water in lungs
Water attracts each other
On either side of sacs
Closes alveoli sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does surfactant effect compliance

A

Increases compliance

Less force needed to expand alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When is surfactant produces and fully equipped

A

24 - 34 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does hypoxia in birth lead to

A

Hypoxic-ischaemia encephalopathy

THEN CP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do babies get cold when born

A

Large surface to weight ratio when born

And wet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1st thing to do when a baby is born and not breathing

A

vigerious rubbing/ drying

BEFORE A-E/ 5 RESCUE BREATHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When should a Apgar score be calculated

A

1, 5 and 10 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What should be done after drying if baby is not breathing

A

5 breaths
Reassess
5 breaths

3:1 CPR

Then chest compressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acceptable pre ductal sats at 2 mins and when should they be 100%

A

65%

10 mins (or sooner!!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In a newborn what bpm would indicate need for CPR

A

Less than 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 components of APGAR

A 
Appearance (colour)
Pulse
Grimmace
Activity
Respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

One possible negative of delayed cord clamping

A

May be associated with higher rates of neonatal jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How soon should the newborn exam be after birth

A

72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is the newborn heel prick test taken

A

Day 5

Can be upto 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How long does it take for newborn heel screening test to come back

A

6-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What should babies o2 sats be on newborn exam

A

Pre and post ductal

Above 96% with no less than 2 % difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is affected in Erbs palsy

A

Injury to the upper trunk - C5 and C6

Paralysis or loss of sensation

20
Q

How do port wine stains change with time

A

Get darker

21
Q

What is Sturge Weber syndrome

A

Associated with port wine stains

Visual impairment, learning difficulties, headaches, epilepsy, glaucoma

22
Q

How long does a cephalohaematoma take to resolve

A

Months

23
Q

Does a cephalohaematoma cross suture lines

A

No

Blood and fluid below the periosteum

24
Q

Does a caput succedaneum cross suture lines

A

Yes

CAP = CAPUT (crosses lines just like a cap)

25
Q

What is more dangerous caput or cephalohaematoma

A

cephalohaematoma as blood collection can cause anaemia and jaundice

5% associated with scull fracture

26
Q

What nerves are injured in Erbs palsy

A

C5 C6 in the brachial plexus

27
Q

How does Erbs palsy present

A

Waiters tip

Internal rotation of shoulder, extended elbow and pronated wrists

28
Q

Does Erbs palsy ever resolve?

A

Normally resolves within a few months

29
Q

Other than the scull, what bone is most commonly fractured in birth

A

Clavicle

30
Q

Most common organism in neonatal sepsis (and 4 other less common)

A

GBS

E coli, listeria, klebsiella, staph aureus

31
Q

Which babies may receive therapeutic hypothermia

A

HIE at term or near term

32
Q

When is neonatal jaundice always pathological

A

First 24 hours!

33
Q

Main complication of neonatal jaundice

A

Kernicterus

34
Q

Prolonged jaundice cut off periods

A

2 weeks for term

3 weeks for pre term

35
Q

Grades of prematurity

A

Under 28 - extreme
28-32 - very preterm
32-37 - moderate to late pre term

36
Q

Definition and management of apnoea of prematurity

A

Breathing stops for 20 seconds or more with bradycardia/ low sats

Apnoea monitors and IV caffeine

37
Q

4 key interventions to improve outcomes in preterm labour

A

Tocolysis (nifidipine)
Maternal steroids
IV MGSO4
Delayed cord clamping/ milking

Cervical suture/ vaginal progesterone before labour

38
Q

What condition can affect retina of pre term newborns

A

Retinopathy of prematurity

Retinal blood vessel development finishes at 37-40 weeks

39
Q

Retinopathy of prematurity key risk

A

Scar causes retinal detachement

40
Q

Retinopathy of prematurity pathophysiology

A

Hypoxia drives new vessel growth

If vessels not already developed, giving baby O2 reduces hypoxia so less hypoxic vessel growth

41
Q

What babies are screened for Retinopathy of prematurity

A

Under 32 weeks or under 1.5kg

Every 2 weeks screening test until vessels grow to outskirts of eye

42
Q

Treatment for Retinopathy of prematurity

A

Transpupilary laser photocoagulation to stop new blood vessels forming

43
Q

Xray appearance of RDS

A

Ground glass

44
Q

Key risk factors for NEC

A

Low birth weight/ premature
Formula fed
Sepsis
PDA or congenital heart defect

45
Q

Imaging of choice for NEC

A

Abdominal X ray

46
Q

NEC abdo xray key findings

A

GAS IN BOWEL WALL (pneumatosis intestinalis)
Dilated loops of bowel
Bowel wall oedema
Pneumoperiternium (if perforated)

47
Q

NEC management

A

Nil by mouth
IV fluid, TPN
Antibiotics

Surgical removal

Leeds MBCHB Year 4 Peads (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions