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Leeds MBCHB Year 4 Peads > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

4 functional areas of development

A

Gross motor
Vision and fine motor
Hearing, speech and language
Social emotional and behavioural

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2
Q

Crawling begins at what age (median)

A

8-9 months

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3
Q

Limit age for sitting without support

A

9 months

6-8 is median

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4
Q

Limit age for unsteady walking

A

18 months

12 median

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5
Q

Limit age for following objects

A

3 months

6 weeks median

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6
Q

Limit age for reaching out for toys

A

6 months

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7
Q

Limit age for transferring toys from one hand to another

A

9 months

7 months median

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8
Q

Limit age for pincer grip

A

12 months

10 months median

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9
Q

Limit age for smiling responsively

A

8 weeks

6 median

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10
Q

Limit age for symbolic play

A
  1. 5 years

1. 5-2 years median

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11
Q

As part of a development exam, you place the child on its back on the floor

What would you observe at each age?

A

Head control - 3 months
sit unaided - 6 months
Stands with assistance - 9 months
Walks - 15 months

Crawls - 8 months

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12
Q

As part of a development exam, you hand the child a few bricks. What would you observe at each age?

A

Palmar grip - 6 months
Transfers - 6 months
Pincer grip - 9 months

3 cube tower - 18 months

Bridge - 3 years

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13
Q

As part of a development exam, you hand the child a pen. What would you expect to see at different ages?

A

Scribbles - 1.5 years
Lines - 2 years
Circle - 3 years
Cross - 4 years

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14
Q

As part of a development exam, you say various noises. What would you expect at each age?

A

Turns to sounds - 7 months

Turns to name - 12 months

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15
Q

As part of a development exam, what noises would you expect a child to make a each age?

A

Babble - 6 months
Single word - 9 months
Mummy and daddy - 12 months
2 word sentences - 2 years

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16
Q

At what the should a child be able to follow an instruction such as “put the brick in the cup”

A

2 years

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17
Q

How would you carry out a development exam

A

WIPE, ask patents concerns
Places on back - motor
Offer bricks, offer pen - fine motor and vision
Make noises, get child to make noise - hearing and language

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18
Q

As part of a development exam, what interaction would you expect at different ages?

A 
Smile - 1.5 months
Laughs - 3 months
Stranger anxiety - 9 months
Peek a boo - 9 months
Waves bye - 12 months
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19
Q

As part of a development exam, at what age would you expect dietary changes

A

Solids - 6 months

Fork and spoon - 2 years

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20
Q

Breast vs bottle and for how long

A

Exclusive breast for first 6 months of life

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21
Q

Is overfeeding more common in breast or bottle

A

Bottle

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22
Q

Type of feeding that reduces risk of sudden infant death syndrome

A

Breast

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23
Q

Benefits of breast feeding

A

Free
Antibodies
Lowers risk of: infections, sudden infant death

Reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer in mum

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24
Q

Most reliable sign of dehydration in babies

A

Weight loss - especially in first 10 days

Clinical exam unreliable

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25
Q

Normal amount of weight loss and in what period for bottle fed babies

A

5% in 5 days

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26
Q

Normal amount of weight loss and in what period for breast fed babies

A

10% in 5 days

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27
Q

Formula fed babies dose of milk after 5 days

A

150ml per kg

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28
Q

Feeding volumes in babies by day:

A

60mls/kg/day in day 1
90mls/kg/day in day 2
120mls/kg/day in day 3

150mls/kg/day in day 4 and onwards

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29
Q

How often will newborns require feeding

A

Every 2-3 hours

30
Q

Age that weaning starts

A

6 months

31
Q

3 measurements on growth chart

A

Weight, hight and head circumference

32
Q

3 phases of growth and which is quickest

A

0-2: rapid growth by nutritional factors
2-puberty: slow growth
Puberty: rapid growth by sex hormones

33
Q

Overweight definition on growth chart

A

BMI > 85th centile

Obese BMI > 95th centile

34
Q

NICE definition of faltering growth

A

Weight drops over:

1 centile if birthweight below 9th
2 centiles if birthweight 9-91st
3 centiles if birthweight over 91st

35
Q

5 groups of causes of failure to thrive

A 
Inadequate nutritional intake
Difficulty feeding
Malabsorption
Increased energy requirements
Inability to process nutrients
36
Q

Cause of malabsorption in children

A

CF, coeliacs, cows milk intolerance, chronic diarrhoea, IBD

37
Q

Causes of difficulty in feeding in children

A

Cleft lip, poor suck (cerebral palsy), pyloric stenosis

38
Q

Causes of increased energy requirements in children

A

Hypothyroidism, chronic disease, malignancy, infection

39
Q

NICE state that all children with faltering growth should have:

A

Urine dipstick for UTI

Anti TTG ab

40
Q

Short stature definition

A

Below 2nd centile

41
Q

Constitutional delay in growth and puberty definition

A

Short stature in childhood when compared to peers
Puberty delayed
Growth spurt in puberty lasts longer
Reach expected height

42
Q

Key feature of constitutional delay in growth and puberty

A

Delayed bone age

43
Q

Common causes of short stature

A

Familial
Constitutional delay in growth and puberty
Malnutrition

Chronic disease: IBD, coeliac, congenital heart defects
Hypothyroidism, Downs, Achondroplasia (lack of cartilage)

44
Q

Type of developmental delay

A

Global, gross motor, fine motor, language, personal/social

45
Q

Causes of global developmental delay

A 
Downs syndrome
Fragile X
Rett syndrome (severe mental and physical disabilities - classic random but repeating hand movements that stop when asleep)
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Metabolic disorders
46
Q

Causes of fine motor delay

A 
Cerebal palsy
Ataxia
Myopathy
Spina bifida
Visual impairments
47
Q

Causes of language delay

A

Hearing impairment, learning disability, neglect, autism, cerebral palsy

48
Q

Dyslexia definition

A

Difficulty in reading, writing and spelling

49
Q

Dysgraphia definition

A

Difficulty in writing

50
Q

Dyspraxia definition

A

Difficulty in co-ordination

51
Q

How are learning difficulties classified

A

IQ (less than 70)

52
Q

4 key parts of capacity

A

Understand, retain, weigh up, communicate

53
Q

Order of puberty in girls and length

A

4 years

Breasts, pubic hair and periods (2 years after starting)

54
Q

Kallman syndrome presentation

A

Failure to start puberty with no smell

Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

55
Q

2 genetic causes of delayed puberty

A

Kleinfeldern syndrome XXY

Turners XO

56
Q

Baby can support head and keep it in line with body

A

4 months

57
Q

Baby can keep trunk supported

A

6 months

58
Q

Baby can sit unsupported

A

9 months

59
Q

Starts crawling

A

9 months

60
Q

“Cruising” i.e. walking while holding onto furniture

A

12 months

61
Q

Walk unaided

A

15 months

Red flag at 2 years

62
Q

Squat and pick item up off floor

A

18 months

63
Q

Run

A

2 years

64
Q

Kick a ball

A

2 years

65
Q

Hop

A

4 years

66
Q

Climb stairs properly like an adult

A

4 years

67
Q

Can start using a spoon

A

14- 18 months

68
Q

Can hold crayon and scribble

A

12 months

69
Q

Drawing skills by age

A 
2 years: vertical
2.5 years: horizontal
3 years: circle
4 years: cross and square
5 years: triangle
70
Q

What age can a child cut paper in half using scissors

A

4 years

Leeds MBCHB Year 4 Peads (21 decks)

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