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Leeds MBCHB Year 4 Peads > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Management of meningitis in children

A

<3 months = amoxicillin and cefotaximine
>3 months = cefotaximine
Recent travel = add vancomycin

?steroids if greater than 3 months and bacteria present on LP (no LP if meningococcal sepsis)

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2
Q

What ages is the 6 in 1 given

A

8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16, weeks

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3
Q

Which type of vaccines can cause infections in immunocompromised patients

A

Live attenuated vaccines

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4
Q

5 common live attenuated vaccines

A 
MMR
BCG
Chicken pox
Nasal influenza
Rotavirus
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5
Q

At what months is the 6 in 1 given

A

2, 3, 4

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6
Q

Other than 6 in 1, what two other vaccines are given at 2 months

and then at 3 months

A

2: Men B and rotavirus
3: Pneumococcal and rotavirus

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7
Q

what vaccines are given at 3 months

A

Men B and 6in1

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8
Q

When is the MMR given

A

1 year and 3years 4 months

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9
Q

When is men B vaccine given

A

2 months, 4 months, 12 months

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10
Q

When is Men C given

A

1 year (2 in 1 with HiB)

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11
Q

What vaccines are given at 1 year

A

2 in 1 (HiB MenC)
Pneumococcal
MMR
Men B

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12
Q

What vaccine is given between 2 and 8

A

Influenza yearly

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13
Q

What is Gardsil and what does it protect

A

HPV

16 and 18 : cervical cancer
6 and 11: genital and other cancers

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14
Q

Temperature in under 3 month year old children that causes GPs to call ambulance/ convey to ED

A

38.0C

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15
Q

Why does menigococcal sepsis cause a non-blanching rash

A

DIC and subcutaneous haemorrhages

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16
Q

What bacteria causes a non blanching rash

A

Nisseria meningitidis

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17
Q

Two special tests to look for meningeal irritation

A

Kernigs: pt on back, hip and knee at 90 degrees, straighten knee -> back pain
Brudzinskis test: pt on back, lifting head causes flexing of knees and hips

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18
Q

What would a positive kernigs test suggest

A

Meningeal irritation

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19
Q

What would a positive Brudzinskis test suggest

A

Meningeal irritation

20
Q

How to perform Brudzinkis test

A

Flex neck whilst lying down

Positive result if pt flexs hips and knees

21
Q

What is Kernigs test

A

Pt on back, knees and hips at 90 degrees
Straighten knee
Back pain in positive

22
Q

As well as standard bloods, cultures and ?LP, what else should be sent in ?meningitis

A

Meningococcal PCR

23
Q

When would vancomycin be given to a child with a meningitis infection

A

Recent travel

24
Q

If the LP is suggestive of bacterial meningitis, other than fluids and abx; what else may be given

A

Dex 4 times a day for 4 days to CHILDREN OVER 3 MONTSH

25
What should be used for meningitis post exposure prophylaxis
Ciprofloxacin
26
3 most common causes of viral meningitis
HSV entrovirus VZV
27
When is an LP taken
Between L3 and L4 as spinal cord ends at L2
28
High protein in a LP dx
Bacterial
29
Key complication of meningitis
Hearing loss
30
What is encephalitis
Inflammation of brain
31
Most common cause of encephalitis in UK
HSV Type 1 in children (from cold sores) Type 2 in neonates (from genital warts) contracted from birth
32
Triad of infectious mononucleosis
Fever Sore throat Fatigue
33
Itchy rash after amoxicillin ->
EBV/ infectious mononucleosis
34
2 tests for EBV and methodology
Hetrophile antibodies (non specific antibodies made by body in response) ``` Monospot test (pts blood to horse RBCs) Paul-Bunnell test (pts blood to sheep RBCs) ``` Can take up to 6 weeks to work Can also use IgM (infection) and IgG (immune) ab test
35
Main complications of EBV
Splenic rupture (avoid contact sports) Renal failure Haemolytic anamia
36
Signs and symptoms of infectious mononucleosis
fever, sore throat, fatigue Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly
37
Mumps incubation period and length of disease
2-3 weeks incubation period | 1 week self limiting
38
Mumps prodrome symptoms then key symptom
Flu like then parotid swelling
39
3 key complications of mumps
Pancreatitis Orchitis Meningitis/ encephalitis (hearing loss)
40
What cell does HIV history
CD4
41
LSCS in mum with HIV (low risk baby) management
IV zidovudine
42
Mum with HIV low risk baby (CD<50) vs high (CD>50) management
Zidovudine for 4 weeks Zidovudine, lamivudine and nevirapine for 4 weeks
43
When is breastfeeding recommend to HIV mothers
Never It is always possible to transmit disease even if undetectable
44
How should babies from HIV mothers be managed at birth
Hep B vaccine and Hep b Ig infusion | additional vaccine at 1 and 12 months
45
Can hep B mothers breast feed
Yes
46
Can hep c mothers breast feed
Yes

Leeds MBCHB Year 4 Peads (21 decks)

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