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Leeds MBCHB Year 4 Peads > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Management of meningitis in children

A

<3 months = amoxicillin and cefotaximine
>3 months = cefotaximine
Recent travel = add vancomycin

?steroids if greater than 3 months and bacteria present on LP (no LP if meningococcal sepsis)

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2
Q

What ages is the 6 in 1 given

A

8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16, weeks

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3
Q

Which type of vaccines can cause infections in immunocompromised patients

A

Live attenuated vaccines

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4
Q

5 common live attenuated vaccines

A 
MMR
BCG
Chicken pox
Nasal influenza
Rotavirus
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5
Q

At what months is the 6 in 1 given

A

2, 3, 4

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6
Q

Other than 6 in 1, what two other vaccines are given at 2 months

and then at 3 months

A

2: Men B and rotavirus
3: Pneumococcal and rotavirus

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7
Q

what vaccines are given at 3 months

A

Men B and 6in1

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8
Q

When is the MMR given

A

1 year and 3years 4 months

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9
Q

When is men B vaccine given

A

2 months, 4 months, 12 months

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10
Q

When is Men C given

A

1 year (2 in 1 with HiB)

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11
Q

What vaccines are given at 1 year

A

2 in 1 (HiB MenC)
Pneumococcal
MMR
Men B

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12
Q

What vaccine is given between 2 and 8

A

Influenza yearly

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13
Q

What is Gardsil and what does it protect

A

HPV

16 and 18 : cervical cancer
6 and 11: genital and other cancers

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14
Q

Temperature in under 3 month year old children that causes GPs to call ambulance/ convey to ED

A

38.0C

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15
Q

Why does menigococcal sepsis cause a non-blanching rash

A

DIC and subcutaneous haemorrhages

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16
Q

What bacteria causes a non blanching rash

A

Nisseria meningitidis

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17
Q

Two special tests to look for meningeal irritation

A

Kernigs: pt on back, hip and knee at 90 degrees, straighten knee -> back pain
Brudzinskis test: pt on back, lifting head causes flexing of knees and hips

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18
Q

What would a positive kernigs test suggest

A

Meningeal irritation

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19
Q

What would a positive Brudzinskis test suggest

A

Meningeal irritation

20
Q

How to perform Brudzinkis test

A

Flex neck whilst lying down

Positive result if pt flexs hips and knees

21
Q

What is Kernigs test

A

Pt on back, knees and hips at 90 degrees
Straighten knee
Back pain in positive

22
Q

As well as standard bloods, cultures and ?LP, what else should be sent in ?meningitis

A

Meningococcal PCR

23
Q

When would vancomycin be given to a child with a meningitis infection

A

Recent travel

24
Q

If the LP is suggestive of bacterial meningitis, other than fluids and abx; what else may be given

A

Dex 4 times a day for 4 days to CHILDREN OVER 3 MONTSH

25
Q

What should be used for meningitis post exposure prophylaxis

A

Ciprofloxacin

26
Q

3 most common causes of viral meningitis

A

HSV
entrovirus
VZV

27
Q

When is an LP taken

A

Between L3 and L4 as spinal cord ends at L2

28
Q

High protein in a LP dx

A

Bacterial

29
Q

Key complication of meningitis

A

Hearing loss

30
Q

What is encephalitis

A

Inflammation of brain

31
Q

Most common cause of encephalitis in UK

A

HSV

Type 1 in children (from cold sores)
Type 2 in neonates (from genital warts) contracted from birth

32
Q

Triad of infectious mononucleosis

A

Fever
Sore throat
Fatigue

33
Q

Itchy rash after amoxicillin ->

A

EBV/ infectious mononucleosis

34
Q

2 tests for EBV and methodology

A

Hetrophile antibodies (non specific antibodies made by body in response)

Monospot test (pts blood to horse RBCs)
Paul-Bunnell test (pts blood to sheep RBCs)

Can take up to 6 weeks to work

Can also use IgM (infection) and IgG (immune) ab test

35
Q

Main complications of EBV

A

Splenic rupture (avoid contact sports)
Renal failure
Haemolytic anamia

36
Q

Signs and symptoms of infectious mononucleosis

A

fever, sore throat, fatigue

Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly

37
Q

Mumps incubation period and length of disease

A

2-3 weeks incubation period

1 week self limiting

38
Q

Mumps prodrome symptoms then key symptom

A

Flu like then parotid swelling

39
Q

3 key complications of mumps

A

Pancreatitis
Orchitis
Meningitis/ encephalitis
(hearing loss)

40
Q

What cell does HIV history

A

CD4

41
Q

LSCS in mum with HIV (low risk baby) management

A

IV zidovudine

42
Q

Mum with HIV low risk baby (CD<50) vs high (CD>50) management

A

Zidovudine for 4 weeks

Zidovudine, lamivudine and nevirapine for 4 weeks

43
Q

When is breastfeeding recommend to HIV mothers

A

Never

It is always possible to transmit disease even if undetectable

44
Q

How should babies from HIV mothers be managed at birth

A

Hep B vaccine and Hep b Ig infusion

additional vaccine at 1 and 12 months

45
Q

Can hep B mothers breast feed

A

Yes

46
Q

Can hep c mothers breast feed

A

Yes

Leeds MBCHB Year 4 Peads (21 decks)

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