Neonatal Ch 25 Flashcards
infant during the early newborn period
Neonate
the ventricle in measured at this site on the axial view; anterior, occipital, and temporal horn junction
atrium (trigone) of the lateral ventricles
part of the brain connecting the forebrain and spinal cord; consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
brain stem
area of the brain that forms the lateral borders of the anterior horns, anterior to the thalamus
caudate nucleus
prominent structure best seen in the midline filled with cerebrospinal fluid in the premature infant
cavum septum pellucidum
area of the brain that lies posterior to the brain stem below the tentorium
cerebellum
largest part of the brain consisting of two equal hemispheres
cerebrum
echogenic cluster of cells important in the production of cerebrospinal fluid that lies along the atrium of the lateral ventricles
choroid plexus
reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid
cistern
prominent group of nerve fibers that connect the right and left side of the brain
corpus callosum
echogenic fibrous structure that separates the cerebral hemispheres
falx cerebri
soft space between the bones
fontanelle
fragile periventricular tissue that bleeds easily in the premature infant; includes the caudate nucleus
germinal matrix
three membranes enclosing the brain and spinal cord
meninges
groove on the surface of the brain that separates the gyri
sulcus
echogenic V-shaped “tent” structure in the posterior fossa that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum
tentorium cerebelli
the region at which the thalamus and caudate nucleus join
thalamic-caudate groove
two ovoid brian structures located midbrain, situated on either side of the third ventricle superior to the brain stem
thalamus
congenital blockage of the aqueduct connecting the third and forth ventricles causing dilation of the third and fourth ventricles
aqueductal stenosis
severe case of inadequate oxygenation
asphyxia
transducer is placed above the ear (above the canthomeatal line)
axial plane
congenital defect in which the cerebellum and brain stem are pulled toward the spinal cord (banana sign)
chiari malformation
transducer is perpendicular to the anterior fontanelle in the coronal axis of the head
coronal plane
abnormal development of the fourth ventricle; often accompanied by hydrocphalus
dandy-walker malformation
treatment for infants with severe respiratory failure who have not responded to conventional ventilatory support
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
congenital defect characterized by abnormal single ventricular cavity with some form of thalami fusion
holoprosencephaly
ventriculomegaly in the neonate resulting in compression and often destruction of brain tissue
hydrocephalus
decreased oxygen in the body
hypoxia
echogenic white matter necrosis best seen in the posterior aspect of the brian or adjacent to the ventricular structure
periventricular leukomalacia
perpendicular to the coronal plane with the transducer in the anterior fontanelle
sagittal plane
site of hemorrhage for the germinal matrix; fragile area beneath the ependyma that is subject to bleeding in the premature neonate
subependyma
cyst that occurs at the site of a previous bleed in the germinal matrix
subependymal cyst
inflammation/infection of the ventricles, which appears as echogenic linear structures along the gyri
ventriculitis
