Chapter 24 Flashcards
bandlike flat tendons connecting the process of the scapula
aponeurosis
saclike structure containing thick fluid that surrounds areas subject to friction, such as the interface between bone and tendon
bursa
covering of a nerve that consists of connective tissue
epineurium
small bundle of muscles, nerves, and tendons
fasciculi
fibrous band of tissue connecting bone or cartilage to bone that aids in stabilizing a joint
ligament
type of tissue consisting of contractile cells or fibers that affects movement of an organ or part of the body
muscle
substance forming the sheath of Schwann cells
myelin
a feather-like pattern of muscle growth
pennate
connective tissue that surrounds muscle
perineurium
membrane surrounding a joint, tendon, or bursa that secretes a viscous fluid called synovia
synovial sheath
fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone
tendon
the anterior portion of the body when in the anatomic position
volar
the joint found in the shoulder that connects the clavicle to the acromion process of the scapula
acromioclavicular joint
the quality of comprising varying of a given property when measured in different directions
anisotropy
conduit for impulses sent to and from the muscles and the central nervous system
nerve
posterior linear equidistant artifact created when sound reverberates between two strong reflectors, such as air bubbles, metal, and glass
comet tail artifact
upward movement of the hand and foot
dorsiflexion
fibrous tunnel that contains the ulnar artery and vein, ulnar nerve, and some fatty tissue
Guyon’s canal or tunnel
pointing of the toes toward the planter surface of the foot
platers flexion
the bending of the sound beam at the edge of a circular structure that results in the absence of posterior echoes
refractile shadowing
accumulation of serous fluid within tissue
seroma
inflammation of the tendon
tendinitis
skeletal muscle contains long organized units called muscle ______.
fibers
the characteristic long fibers are under voluntary control, allowing us to contract a ______ and move a joint.
muscle
a ______ muscle has a division of several feather-like sections in one muscle, and the ______ is the convergence of fibers to a central tendon.
multipennate, circumpennate
the attachment of the muscle that occurs at the proximal and distal portion of the bundle is called a ______.
tendon
tendons occur with or without a ______ sheath.
synovial
the sheath surrounding a tendon has two layers, the fluid separates the layers in this part of the body:
shoulder, hand, wrist, and ankle
short bands of tough fibers that connect bones to other bones are ______.
ligaments
the saclike structure surrounding joints and tendons that contains a viscous fluid is the ______.
bursa
the knee joint has ______ bursa.
nine
a loose areolar connective tissue that fills the fascial compartment of the tendon lacking a synovial sheath is a ______.
paratenon
the dense ______ is another layer of connective tissue that closely adjoins the tendon.
epitendineum
interwoven and interconnected collagen fibers found in the tendon run in a ______ path.
parallel
the proximal portion of the muscle is considered the ______, whereas the ______ is the distal end.
origin, insertion
the normal nerve has a ______ appearance when compared with muscle, but it is ______ to tendons.
hyperechoic, hypoechoic
the minute amount of viscous fluid contained within the bursa helps reduce ______ between the moving parts of the joint.
friction
echogenic line on the anterior surface of the cartilage surrounding the humeral head.
cartilage interface sign
hypoechoic hematoma found at the end of a completely retracted muscle fragment
clapper-in-the-bell sign
the deltoid muscle is one the humeral head; seen with a full-thickness tear of the rotator cuff
naked tuberosity sign
increased in wrist compression caused by hyperflexion of the wrist for 60 seconds
Phalen’s sign
test used to evaluate the integrity of the Achilles tendon that involves plantar flexion with squeezing of the calf
Thompson’s test
pins and needles type of tingling felt distally to a percussion site and either a normal or abnormal occurrence
Tinel’s sign
to begin the examination of the biceps, place the patient with a slight ______ rotation of the shoulder.
internal
when facing the patient and imaging the right shoulder, the lateral anatomy displays on the ______ side of the image and the medial anatomy on the ______ side of the screen.
left, right
the grove located between the greater and lesser tuberosities, coupled with the overlying transverse ligament, maintains the ______ tendon location.
biceps
using the biceps tendon as a landmark, angle the transducer ______ to locate the subscapularis tendon.
anteromedially
the bandlike tendon that has a medium level echotexture is the ______ tendon and originates from the greater tuberosity of the humerus.
supraspinatus
a good landmark to help find the anteriorly located infraspinatus tendon is the posterior ______.
glenoid labrum
fluid imaged ______ to the infraspinatus tendon indicates bursa fluid, whereas ______ fluid indicates joint effusion.
superficial, posterior
the carpal tunnel is located between the ______ bones and the ______ retinaculum on the palmar side of the wrist.
carpal, flexor
the ulnar artery and veins indicates the medial border of the carpal tunnel, whereas the most lateral structure is the ______ artery and veins
radial
the tendon that connects the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the calcaneus is the ______ tendon
Achilles
the dislocation of the biceps tendon from the bicipital groove may be due to a problem with
transverse humeral ligament, abnormal development of the bicipital groove, supraspinatus or subscapularis tears
the ______ thickness tear involves either the bursal or articular cuff surface or the intrasubstance material.
partial
the presence of large amounts of fluid in the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa raises the chance of a nonvisualized ______ tear.
full-thickness
the normal tendon cannot be compressed; however, the injured tendon ______ as the torn edges move apart.
flattens
joint effusion around the biceps tendon combined with subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis results in the ______.
double-effusion
acute tendinitis involves not only the tendon but the surrounding ______ sheath.
synovial
the normal synovial sheath appears as a hypochoic ______ around the tendon
halo
the abrupt stretching of the muscle beyond the maximum length results in a ______ tear.
distraction
external force resulting in a crush injury is considered a ______ tear
compression
a Bakers cyst is an example of an ______ bursa in the medical popliteal fossa.
communicating
