Chapter 22 Flashcards
thyroid hormone important for maintaining a dense, strong bone matrix and regulating the blood calcium level
calcitonin
refers to a normal functioning thyroid gland
euthyriod
oversecretion of thyroid hormones
hyperthyriodism
low phosphate level associated with hyperparathyroidism
hypophosphatasia
undersecretion of thyroid hormones
hypothyroidism
small pieces of thyroid tissue that connects the right and left lobes of the gland
isthmus
wedge-shaped muscle posterior to the thyroid lobes
longus colli muscles
hormone secreted by parathyroid glands that regulate serum calcium levels
parathyroid hormone
present in small percentage of patients; extends superiorly from the isthmus
pyramidal lobe
laboratory value that is elevated with hyperparathyroidism
serum calcium
large muscles anterolateral to the thyroid
sternocleidomastoid muscles
group of three muscles (sternothyroid, sternohyroid, and omohyoid) that lies anterior to the thyroid
strap muscles
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine and triiodothyronine
thyroid-stimulating hormone
remnant of embryonic development that appears as a cyst in the neck
brachia cleft cyst
use of a fine-gauge needle to obtain cells from a mass
fine-needle aspiration
disorder associated with elevated serum calcium level, usually caused by a benign parathyroid adenoma
hyperparathyroidism
disorder characterized by a localized or generalized enlargement of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels
lymphadenopathy
enlargement of the multiple parathyroid glands
parathyroid hyperplasia
oversecretion of parathyroid hormone, usually from a parathyroid adenoma
primary hyperparathyroidism
enlargement of parathyroid glands in patients with renal failure or vitamin D deficiency
secondary hyperparathyroidism
congenital anomalies that present in the midline of the neck anterior to the trachea
thyroglossal duct cysts
benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation
adenoma
rare, undifferentiated carcinoma occurring in middle age
anaplastic carcinoma
occurs as a solitary malignant mass within the thyroid gland
follicular carcinoma