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Sonography > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

glandular (milk-producing) component of the breast lobule

A

acinus (acini)

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2
Q

the pigmented skin surrounding the breast nipple

A

areola

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3
Q

armpit

A

axilla

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4
Q

differentiated apocrine sweat gland with a functional purpose of secreting milk during lactation

A

breast

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5
Q

connective tissue septa that connect perpendicularly to the breast lobules and extend out to the skin

A

Cooper’s ligaments

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6
Q

middle layer of the breast tissue that contains the ductal, glandular, and stromal portion of the breast

A

mammary layer

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7
Q

deepest of the three layers of the breast noted on breast ultrasound

A

retromammary layer

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8
Q

most superficial of the three layers of the breast identified on breast ultrasound

A

subcutaneous layer

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9
Q

normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary region

A

tail of Spence

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10
Q

smallest function portion of the breast involving the terminal duct and its associated lobule containing at least one acinus

A

terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU)

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11
Q

plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast that is perpendicular to the radial plane of imaging

A

antiradial

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12
Q

without symptoms

A

asymptomatic

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13
Q

trademark system created by the American College of Radiology to standardize mammographic reporting terminology, categorize breast abnormalities according to the level of suspicion for malignancy

A

breast imaging reporting and data system

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14
Q

part of the breast cancer screening best done at the end of menses each month

A

breast self examination

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15
Q

part of breast cancer screening done by a health care provider

A

clinical breast examination

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16
Q

type of breast imaging examination that is more intensive than routine screening mammography

A

diagnostic breast imaging

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17
Q

refers to vibrations produced by phonation and felt through the chest wall during palpation

A

fremitus

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18
Q

near the chest wall

A

juxtathoracic

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19
Q

echo texture that is more echogenic than the surrounding tissue

A

hyperechoic

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20
Q

can be felt on clinical examination

A

palpable

21
Q

echo texture that resembles the surrounding tissue

A

isoechoic

22
Q

plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast

A

radial

23
Q

represents the first lymph node along the axillary node chain

A

sentinel node

24
Q

finger-like extension of a malignant tumor

A

spiculation

25
Q

cannot be felt on clinical examination

A

nonpalpable

26
Q

without echoes

A

anechoic

27
Q

having relatively weak echoes

A

hypoechoic

28
Q

common diagnostic and interventional procedure that involves placing a needle through the skin of the breast into a cystic mass and pulling fluid out of the cyst through the needle

A

cyst aspiration

29
Q

preventive care that includes annual screening mammography

A

breast cancer screening

30
Q

overgrowth of the stromal and epithelial elements of the acini within terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) of the breast

A

adenosis

31
Q

form of fibrocystic changes in which the epithelial cells of the acini undergo alteration

A

apocrine metaplasia

32
Q

the pathologist recognizes some, but not all, of the features of ductal carcinoma in situ

A

atypical ductal hyperplasia

33
Q

abnormal proliferation of cells with atypical features involving the TDLU, with an increase likelihood of evolving into breast cancer

A

atypical hyperplasia

34
Q

shows come, but not all, of the features of lobular carcinoma in situ

A

atypical lobular hyperplasia

35
Q

fluid-filled sac of variable size

A

cyst

36
Q

proliferation (hyperplasia) of epithelial cells lining the terminal duct-lobular unit

A

epithelial hyperplasia

37
Q

most common benign solid tumor of the breast, consisting primarily of fibrous and epithelial tissue elements

A

fibroadenoma

38
Q

condition that represents different, essentially normal, tissue processes within the breast that in some patients become exaggerated to the point of raising concern for breast cancer

A

fibrocystic condition

39
Q

surface erosion of the nipple characterized by redness with flaking and crusting caused by direct invasion of the skin of the nipple by underlying breast cancer

A

Peget’s disease

40
Q

descriptive term for skin thickening of a breast that resembles the skin of an orange

A

peau d’orange

41
Q

cancer of the ductal epithelium

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

42
Q

cancer of the lobular epithelium of the breast, arises at the level of the TDLU

A

infiltrating lobular carcinoma

43
Q

echo texture that resembles the surrounding tissue

A

isoechoic

44
Q

neither considered a true cancer nor treated as such

A

lobular carcinoma in situ

45
Q

term preferred by many authors to replace LCIS and atypical hyperplasia

A

lobular neoplasia

46
Q

breast cancer occurring in different quadrants of the breast at least 5 cm apart

A

multicentric breast cancer

47
Q

breast cancer occurring in more than one site within the same quadrant of the same ductal system of the breast

A

multifocal breast cancer

48
Q

involves two main types of cells (ductal and lobular)

A

breast cancer

49
Q

hypertrophy of residual ductal elements that persist behind the nipple in the male

A

gynecomastia

Sonography (7 decks)

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