Chapter 21

Question 1

glandular (milk-producing) component of the breast lobule

Answer 1

acinus (acini)

Question 2

the pigmented skin surrounding the breast nipple

Answer 2

areola

Question 3

armpit

Answer 3

axilla

Question 4

differentiated apocrine sweat gland with a functional purpose of secreting milk during lactation

Answer 4

breast

Question 5

connective tissue septa that connect perpendicularly to the breast lobules and extend out to the skin

Answer 5

Cooper’s ligaments

Question 6

middle layer of the breast tissue that contains the ductal, glandular, and stromal portion of the breast

Answer 6

mammary layer

Question 7

deepest of the three layers of the breast noted on breast ultrasound

Answer 7

retromammary layer

Question 8

most superficial of the three layers of the breast identified on breast ultrasound

Answer 8

subcutaneous layer

Question 9

normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary region

Answer 9

tail of Spence

Question 10

smallest function portion of the breast involving the terminal duct and its associated lobule containing at least one acinus

Answer 10

terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU)

Question 11

plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast that is perpendicular to the radial plane of imaging

Answer 11

antiradial

Question 12

without symptoms

Answer 12

asymptomatic

Question 13

trademark system created by the American College of Radiology to standardize mammographic reporting terminology, categorize breast abnormalities according to the level of suspicion for malignancy

Answer 13

breast imaging reporting and data system

Question 14

part of the breast cancer screening best done at the end of menses each month

Answer 14

breast self examination

Question 15

part of breast cancer screening done by a health care provider

Answer 15

clinical breast examination

Question 16

type of breast imaging examination that is more intensive than routine screening mammography

Answer 16

diagnostic breast imaging

Question 17

refers to vibrations produced by phonation and felt through the chest wall during palpation

Answer 17

fremitus

Question 18

near the chest wall

Answer 18

juxtathoracic

Question 19

echo texture that is more echogenic than the surrounding tissue

Answer 19

hyperechoic

Question 20

can be felt on clinical examination

Answer 20

palpable

Question 21

echo texture that resembles the surrounding tissue

Answer 21

isoechoic

Question 22

plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast

Answer 22

radial

Question 23

represents the first lymph node along the axillary node chain

Answer 23

sentinel node

Question 24

finger-like extension of a malignant tumor

Answer 24

spiculation

Question 25

cannot be felt on clinical examination

Answer 25

nonpalpable

Question 26

without echoes

Answer 26

anechoic

Question 27

having relatively weak echoes

Answer 27

hypoechoic

Question 28

common diagnostic and interventional procedure that involves placing a needle through the skin of the breast into a cystic mass and pulling fluid out of the cyst through the needle

Answer 28

cyst aspiration

Question 29

preventive care that includes annual screening mammography

Answer 29

breast cancer screening

Question 30

overgrowth of the stromal and epithelial elements of the acini within terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) of the breast

Answer 30

adenosis

Question 31

form of fibrocystic changes in which the epithelial cells of the acini undergo alteration

Answer 31

apocrine metaplasia

Question 32

the pathologist recognizes some, but not all, of the features of ductal carcinoma in situ

Answer 32

atypical ductal hyperplasia

Question 33

abnormal proliferation of cells with atypical features involving the TDLU, with an increase likelihood of evolving into breast cancer

Answer 33

atypical hyperplasia

Question 34

shows come, but not all, of the features of lobular carcinoma in situ

Answer 34

atypical lobular hyperplasia

Question 35

fluid-filled sac of variable size

Answer 35

cyst

Question 36

proliferation (hyperplasia) of epithelial cells lining the terminal duct-lobular unit

Answer 36

epithelial hyperplasia

Question 37

most common benign solid tumor of the breast, consisting primarily of fibrous and epithelial tissue elements

Answer 37

fibroadenoma

Question 38

condition that represents different, essentially normal, tissue processes within the breast that in some patients become exaggerated to the point of raising concern for breast cancer

Answer 38

fibrocystic condition

Question 39

surface erosion of the nipple characterized by redness with flaking and crusting caused by direct invasion of the skin of the nipple by underlying breast cancer

Answer 39

Peget's disease

Question 40

descriptive term for skin thickening of a breast that resembles the skin of an orange

Answer 40

peau d'orange

Question 41

cancer of the ductal epithelium

Answer 41

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Question 42

cancer of the lobular epithelium of the breast, arises at the level of the TDLU

Answer 42

infiltrating lobular carcinoma

Question 43

echo texture that resembles the surrounding tissue

Answer 43

isoechoic

Question 44

neither considered a true cancer nor treated as such

Answer 44

lobular carcinoma in situ

Question 45

term preferred by many authors to replace LCIS and atypical hyperplasia

Answer 45

lobular neoplasia

Question 46

breast cancer occurring in different quadrants of the breast at least 5 cm apart

Answer 46

multicentric breast cancer

Question 47

breast cancer occurring in more than one site within the same quadrant of the same ductal system of the breast

Answer 47

multifocal breast cancer

Question 48

involves two main types of cells (ductal and lobular)

Answer 48

breast cancer

Question 49

hypertrophy of residual ductal elements that persist behind the nipple in the male

Answer 49

gynecomastia