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MT-MLS 208 [PARA LAB] > NEMATODES > Flashcards

NEMATODES Flashcards

1
Q

Nematodes are grouped under?

A

Helminths

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2
Q

Nematodes are also known as?

A

Intestinal round worms

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3
Q

3 factors that may contribute to the severity of a nematode infection:

A
  1. Number of worms present
  2. Length of time the infection persists
  3. Overall health of the host
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4
Q

An individual is infected again after the previous infection but from an external source

A

Reinfection

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5
Q

Parasite completes its life cycle within the same individual leading to continuous infection without exposure to external source.

A

Autoinfection

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6
Q

Phylum of Nematodes

A

Nemathelminthes

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7
Q

Class of Nematodes

A

Nematoda

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8
Q

List the nematodes

A

Enterobius vermicularis
Trichuris trichuria
Ascaris lumbricoides
Necator americanus
Acylostoma duodenale
Strongyloides stercoralis
Trichinella spiralis
Dracunculus medinensis

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9
Q

Common Name and common assc. Diseases of E. vermicularis

A

Common Name: Pinworm, Seatworm
Common associated disease: Enterobiasis or Pinworm Infection

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10
Q

E. vermicularis

This initial stage where egg has been laid. Does not contain a developed larva. Non-infectious.

A

Unembryonated

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11
Q

E. vermicularis

Fertilized egg that contains a larva form but is not fertilized yet.

A

Embryonated

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12
Q

E. vermicularis

Fully developed infective larva and cause infections once ingested. Within 6 to 8 hours.

A

Mature

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13
Q

E. vermicularis

SPECIMEN OF CHOICE

A

Recovery of E. vermiculars collected from
The perianal region. (CELLOPHANE TAPE PREPARATION)

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14
Q

E. vermicularis

Eggs and adult females can also be recovered in what sample?

A

Stool Sample

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15
Q

Only known host of E. vermicularis

A

Human

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16
Q

E. vermicularis

Infective Stage

A

Mature embryonated egg

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17
Q

E. vermicularis

Diagnostic stage

A

Eggs in the perianal region

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18
Q

E. vermicularis

Where does the egg hatch and release a young larvae?

A

Small intestine

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19
Q

E. vermicularis

Adult worms reside in?

A

Colon

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20
Q

E. vermicularis

Gravid female worm migrates outside the body to the perianal region, where she may deposit up to how many eggs?

A

15,000

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21
Q

E. vermicularis

Developing eggs achieve infective status after how many hours?

A

4-6 hours

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22
Q

E. vermicularis

This is the most common in?

A

US

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23
Q

Transmission of pinworm occurs?

A

by hand-to-mouth contamination

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24
Q

E. vermicularis

Intense irritation of the anal region.

A

Puritus ani

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25
E. vermicularis Treatment
Albendazole Mebendazole Pyrantel pamoate
26
Common name and common assc. Disease of Trichuris trichuria
Common Name: Whipworm Common associated disease: Trichuriasis, whipworm infection
27
T. trichuria In male adult worm they posses a prominent?
Curled tail
28
T. trichuria SPECIMEN OF CHOICE
Stool sample
29
T. trichuria This method is used where the eggs are prominent in infected samples processed using this method.
Zinc sulfate flotation method
30
T. trichuria Infective Stage
Embryonated eggs are ingested
31
T. trichuria Diagnostic Stage
Unembryonated egg passed in feces
32
T. trichuria Growth and development of the larvae occur as they migrate into the?
Intestinal villi
33
T. trichuria Approximately, how many moths outside the human body can the eggs Embryonate, become infective, and are ready to initiate a new cycle?
1 month
34
T. trichuria Lifespan of adult worms with untreated infection.
4 to 8 years
35
T. trichuria True or False. It is the 4th most common helminth.
False, 3rd most common.
36
T. trichuria How many worms are considered heavy infection?
500 to 5000 worms
37
T. trichuria Children usually present symptoms resembling?
Ulcerative colitis
38
T. trichuria How many worms to cause a child a possible growth retardation?
200 worms
39
T. trichuria Adults experience symptoms that mimic those?
Inflammatory bowel diseases
40
T. trichuria Treatment
Menendazole Albendazole
41
Common name and common assc. Diseases of Ascaris lumbricoides
Common Name: Large Intestinal Roundworm Common Associated Disease: Ascariasis, Roundworm infection
42
A. lumbricoides True or False. Smallest known intestinal nematode.
False, Largest known intestinal nematode.
43
A. lumbricoides SPECIMEN CHOICE
Stool for the recovery of A. lumbricoides eggs
45
A. lumbricoides Infective Stage
Embryonated eggs are ingested
46
A. lumbricoides Diagnostic Stage
Fertilized egg and unfertilized egg that will not undergo further development
47
A. lumbricoides Its larvae can complete a what type of migration?
Liver-lung migration
48
A. lumbricoides How does the larvae move from lung to intestine?
Through coughing into the pharynx, where they are swallowed and returned to the intestines.
49
A. lumbricoides Adults multiply and a number of how many eggs are passed in the faces per day?
Up to 250,000
50
A. lumbricoides Infective eggs may even survive in?
10% formalin
51
A. lumbricoides True or False. Least common intestinal infection in the world.
False, most common intestinal infection in the world.
52
A. lumbricoides Patients infected with a smaller number of worms will often remain asymptomatic. Specifically, how many is small number of worms?
5 to 10 worms
53
A. lumbricoides Heavily infected children may develop?
Protein malnutrition
54
A. lumbricoides Patient may also experience what type of symptoms when the worms migrate through the lungs?
Pulmonary symptoms
55
A. lumbricoides Treatment
Albendazole Mebendazole
56
Common name and common assc. Disease of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale
Common name: New World Hookworm (N. americanus), Old World Hookworm (A. duodenale) Common associated disease: Hookworm infection, Ancylostomiasis, Necatoriasis
57
N. americanus and A. duodenale Rhabditiform Larvae
L1 and L2
58
N. americanus and A. duodenale Filariform Larvae
L3
59
N. americanus and A. duodenale Shedding of old/outer covering or cuticle in order to grow and develop into a new stage.
Molting
60
N. americanus and A. duodenale In male, they are equipped with prominent, posterior, umbrella-like structure that aids in copulation, known as?
corpulatory bursa
61
N. americanus and A. duodenale SPECIMEN CHOICE
Stool sample for the recovery of hookworm eggs
62
N. americanus and A. duodenale Difference in buffalo cavity
N. americanus - cutting plates A. duodenale - Teeth
63
N. americanus and A. duodenale Infective Stage
Filariform larva penetrates the skin
64
N. americanus and A. duodenale Diagnostic stage
Eggs in feces
65
N. americanus and A. duodenale How many does the adult female lay in a day?
10,000 to 20,000 eggs/day
66
N. americanus and A. duodenale Estimated that ___% of the world’s population is infected with hookworm.
25%
67
N. americanus and A. duodenale Allergic itching at the site of hookworm penetration when a patient is repeatedly infected.
Ground itch
68
N. americanus and A. duodenale Chronic (Light worm burden)
Less than 500 eggs
69
N. americanus and A. duodenale Acute (Heavy worm burden)
More than 5000 eggs of feces
70
N. americanus and A. duodenale Treatment
Mebendazole Pyrantel pamoate IF ASYMPTOMATIC Iron replacement Dietary therapy
71
N. americanus and A. duodenale Parasites of dogs and cats
Ancylostoma braziliense
72
N. americanus and A. duodenale Parasites of dogs only
Ancylostoma canium
73
A. braziliense and A. canium Skin lesions and intense itching, which may lead to secondary bacterial infections.
Cutaneous larva migrans
74
A. braziliense and A. canium Treatment
Thiabendazole
75
Common name and common assc. Disease of Strongyloides stercoralis
Common Name: Threadworm Common associated disease: Strongyloidiasis and Threadworm infection
76
S. stercoralis Laboratory Diagnosis of eggs
Stool sample Method: Stool concentration with zinc sulfate
77
S. stercoralis Laboratory diagnosis of Rhabditiform larvae
Stool samples and duodenal aspirates
78
S. stercoralis Successful in obtaining the desired larvae and hookworm-like eggs
Enterotest
79
S. stercoralis Treatment
Ivermectin Albendazole
80
Common name and common assc. Disease of Trichinella spiralis
Common name: Trichina worm Common associated disease: Trichinosis, Trichinellosis
81
T. spiralis Striated muscle cells that surround the coiled larva
Nurse Cells
82
T. spiralis Method of choice for the recovery of encrusted larvae
Examinations of the affected skeletal muscle
83
T. spiralis These may also serve as indicators for disease
Eosinophilia and leukocytosis
84
T. spiralis Elevated serum muscle enzymes levels
Lactated dehydrogenase, aldolase, creating phophokinase
85
T. spiralis Infection is initiated after consuming?
Undercooked contaminated meat
86
T. spiralis This forms over time and becomes calcified around these cells.
Granuloma
87

MT-MLS 208 [PARA LAB] (8 decks)

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