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MT-MLS 208 [PARA LAB] > Specimen Collection, Handling and Transport and Gross Examination of Feces > Flashcards

Specimen Collection, Handling and Transport and Gross Examination of Feces Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What does O & P stand for?

A

Ova and Parasites

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3
Q

What are the two main components of stool examination in parasitology?

A
  • Macroscopic examination
  • Microscopic examination
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4
Q

What are the three important components of microscopic examination?

A
  • Collection
  • Transport
  • Preservation of Specimen
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5
Q

What is the typical stool collection protocol for O & P testing?

A
  • Collection every other day
  • Total of 3 specimens in 10 days
  • For amebiasis, total of 6 specimens in 15 days
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6
Q

When should stool samples be collected from patients undergoing medication?

A

Before or after taking their medication

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7
Q

What is the time frame for examining liquid stool specimens?

A

Within 30 minutes of passage

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8
Q

What is the fixative to stool ratio for preservation?

A

3 parts fixative to 1 part stool

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9
Q

What are the advantages of using formalin as a fixative?

A
  • Easy to prepare
  • Preserves specimens for up to several years
  • Long shelf life
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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of using formalin?

A
  • Does not preserve parasite morphology adequately for permanent smears
  • Trophozoites usually cannot be recovered
  • Morphologic details may fade with time
  • Potential health hazard
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11
Q

What is Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) used for?

A

Acts as an adhesive for stool specimens when preparing slides for staining

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12
Q

What is the main advantage of Sodium Acetate Formalin?

A

Only requires a single vial

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13
Q

What are the two types of concentration methods for detecting parasites?

A
  • Sedimentation
  • Floatation
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14
Q

What is the most widely used sedimentation technique?

A

Formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation procedure

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15
Q

What are the common stains used for routine O & P testing?

A
  • Trichrome (Wheatley modification)
  • Iron Hematoxylin
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16
Q

True or False: Direct iodine wet preparation is used for trophozoites.

A

False

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17
Q

What is the primary purpose of direct wet preparation?

A

To detect the presence of motile protozoan trophozoites

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18
Q

What is a common specimen collected by nasogastric intubation?

A

Duodenal material

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19
Q

What is the specimen of choice for the detection of Enterobius vermicularis?

A

Cellophane Tape Preparation

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20
Q

What is the time frame for preparing blood smears for malaria detection?

A

Within 1 hour of collection

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21
Q

What are the parasites that may be recovered in blood?

A
  • Leishmania donovani
  • Trypanosoma spp
  • Plasmodium
  • Babesia spp
  • Microfilariae
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22
Q

What type of stool consistency is usually associated with the presence of trophozoites?

A

Liquid stool

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The three consistency terms for stool examination are _______.

A

Formed, Semi-formed, Watery

24
Q

What is the purpose of concentration methods in stool examination?

A

To aggregate parasites and remove debris

25
What is the advantage of the Zinc Sulfate Flotation Technique?
Yields a cleaner preparation, making it easier for microscopic examination
26
What are the potential health problems associated with Schaudinn solution?
Contains mercuric chloride
27
What is the disadvantage of using modified PVA fixatives?
Do not provide the same quality of preservation for adequate protozoan morphology
28
What is the purpose of anticoagulants in blood collection?
To prevent clotting during venipuncture collection ## Footnote Common anticoagulants include EDTA.
29
What technique must be used for blood collection?
Aseptic techniques ## Footnote Essential to avoid contamination.
30
How is capillary blood obtained?
By making a puncture on the fingertip or earlobe.
31
When is it best to prepare smears for malaria diagnosis?
Within 1 hour of collection.
32
Name three parasites that may be recovered in blood.
* Leishmania donovani * Trypanosoma spp * Plasmodium
33
What is the primary use of thick smears in parasitology?
For screening purposes.
34
What is a disadvantage of thick smears?
RBCs have been lysed.
35
What are thin smears recommended for?
Species identification.
36
What does a permanent stain consist of?
Fixative + Stain.
37
What is the preferred stain for detecting Plasmodium spp?
Giemsa stain.
38
What is the purpose of the Knott technique?
To concentrate blood specimens suspected of containing low numbers of microfilariae.
39
What is the buffy coat?
Cells extracted from blood specimens.
40
What stain is used to examine buffy coat cells?
Giemsa stain.
41
What medium is used for the recovery of Leishmania spp and Trypanosoma cruzi?
Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) Medium.
42
What is the purpose of penicillin/streptomycin in culture medium?
To prevent contamination from bacteria.
43
What is a key consideration for CSF wet preparation?
Presence of Naegleria fowleri.
44
Name two special stains used for sterile fluids.
* Giemsa * Trichrome
45
What type of specimen is recommended for the recovery of Leishmania spp?
Tissue and biopsy specimen.
46
What is the specimen of choice for Schistosoma haematobium eggs?
Urine.
47
What is the specimen collection method for motile trophozoites?
Saline wet preparations.
48
What is the specimen of choice for Acanthamoeba keratitis?
Corneal scrapings.
49
What should nasal discharge specimens be used for?
Recovery of Naegleria fowleri.
50
What is the purpose of skin nips?
Detection of Onchocerca volvulus.
51
Name two parasites that can be isolated with culture methods.
* Entamoeba histolytica * Trichomonas vaginalis
52
What is xenodiagnosis used for?
Diagnosis of Chagas' disease.
53
What should be included in the reporting of a positive specimen?
Scientific name and stage present.
54
True or False: The O&P procedure detects Cryptosporidium spp.
False.
55
What should be reported when found in specimens?
Charcot-Leyden crystals.

MT-MLS 208 [PARA LAB] (7 decks)

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