Neisseria + Moraxella

Question 1

1. catalase-positive, cytochrome oxidase (except ______ &
   ______)
2. all are diplococci EXCEPT (3) = rod
3. catalase test
4. Neisseriaceae family includes 5 genus

Answer 1

1. N.elongata & N.bacilliformis
2. Neisseria elongata, Neisseria weaveri, & Neisseria bacilliformis
3. 30% hydrogen peroxide
4. Neisseria, Kingella, Eikenella,
   Simonsiella, Alysiella

Question 2

General Characteristics of Neisseria
1. oxygen requirement
2. usage of what agar (2)
3. swab
4. transport media
- contains ____ & _____ (______ + ____)

Answer 2

1. Aerobic
2. Chocolate Agar and/or Sheep Blood Agar
3. dacron & rayon swab
4. John E. Martin Biological Environmental Chamber
   - Thayer-Medium agar + CO2- generating table (sodium bicarbonate + citric acid)

Question 3

Gonococcus
1. common isolated sites: mucous membrane of (4)
2. types (attributed by ____)
- presence of pili
- absence of pili
3. only grows in _____
4. >5PMN/ field but no bacteria = _____
- example (2)

Answer 3

1. genitalia, anorectal area,
   oropharynx, conjuctiva
2. PILI
   - T1&2
   - T3,4,5
3. Chocolate agar
4. nongonococcal urethritis
   - Chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma

Question 4

VF of both gonorrhoeae & meningitidis

1. major virulence of gonorrhea
2. Major virulence of meningitidis
   ***
3. binding to host cell
4. adherence to mucosal membrane
5. adhere; inflammatory response; complement activation; lyse neutrophils
6. initiates humoral/ cell mediated immunity; decrease
   in wbcs response; resistance to effects of serum
7. coats gene for antimicrobial resistance
8. cleaves IgA on mucosal surfaces

Answer 4

1. Pili
2. Capsular polysaccharide
   ***
3. Pili
4. Fimbriae
5. Lipooligosaccharide
6. Outer Membrane Proteins
7. Plasmids
8. IgA protease

Question 5

Infections of N. Gonorrhoeae
1. acute pyogenic infection of nonciliated columnar &
transitional epithelium
- incubation
- men
- women
— can progress to ____,____, & ____
— asymptomatic s/s (4)
2. gonococcal eye infection during vaginal delivery thru infected birth canal
- application of
3. Others
- Rectal gonorrhea; anal sex
- oral sex
- ____ arthritis

Answer 5

1. Gonorrhea
   - 2-7 days
   - urethritis
   - cervicitis
   — sterility, ectopic pregnancy & perihepatitis
   — dysuria, cervical discharge,
   & lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding
2. Ophthalmia Neonatorum
   - erythromycin
3. Others
   - Anorectal infection
   - Pharyngits
   - Pharyngits arthritis

Question 6

Neisseria meningitidis (Meningocci)
1. common isolated sites: mucosal surface of _____ & ____
2. leading cause of Fatal Bacterial Meningitis
3. _____ (+) and _____
4. serogroup: (5)
5. culture:
- Blood Agar Plate: ____
- Chocolate Agar Plate: ____

Answer 6

1. nasopharynx & oropharynx
2. Fatal Bacterial Meningitis
3. beta-lactamase (+) and encapsulated
4. A,B,C,Y, & W-13
5. culture:
   - Blood Agar Plate: bluish-gray Chocolate Agar Plate: tan

Question 7

Infection of meningitidis

presence of bacteria in blood

Acute
1. injury = manifestation of ____, ____, ____, ____
- hemorrhage leads to ____ & _____
- _____ = presence of clot in blood vessel
2. injury = release of ___ & ____ which activates clot formation
- C activates
- TF activates
3. once there’s clot formation, manifestation of
4. hemorrhage in adrenal gland

Chronic
1. patient is ____ to _____ ill
2. treatment

Answer 7

Meningococcemia

Acute
1. endothelial necrosis; vascular leakage (hemorrhage); hypotension; thrombosis
- Purpura or Petechiae
- thrombosis
2. Collagen and Tissue Factor
- primary coagulation pathway
- Secondary coagulation pathway (extrinsic)
3. Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation (DIC)
4. Waterhouse-Friderichsen
syndrome

Chronic
1. mildly to moderately ill
2. 3rd generation of cephalosporin

Question 8

Infection of meningitidis

bacteria crosses BBB
1. Increased ____ of BBB = harmful substances are able to invade
- esp ___ fluid
2. treatment
3. s/s (3)

Answer 8

Meningitis

1. permeability
   - cerebrous fluid
2. penicillin
3. severe headache, vomiting, stiff neck

Question 9

similar morphology w/ Neisseria spp. but this comes from family
Moraxellaceae

1. resistant to beta lactam drugs like ____ & ____
2. 3 infections
3. microscopy
4. incubator
5. Culture
   - appearance (2)

Answer 9

Moraxella catarrhalis

1. ampicillin and amoxicillin
2. upper respiratory tract infection
   lower respiratory tract infection
   acute otitis media
3. intracellular gram (-) diplococci
4. regular incubator
5. Culture
   - wagon-wheel appearance
   - hockey-puck appearance