1 Flashcards
Other Relationship
1. same ecological niche but have absolutely no effect on each other
2. team up to produce a disease that neither could cause by itself
- these three teamed up for acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/ trench mouth
- these two teamed up for acterial vaginosis
- Neutralism
- Synergist
- Fusobacterium,Actinomyces, Prevotella spp
- Mobiluncus and Gardnerella spp
Microbiota of different parts of the body:
1. Skin
2. Eyes
3. Oral cavity
4. URT
- Staphylococci, Sarcina, Diptheroids, Mycobacterium
- Corynebacterium xerosis
- Viridans, streptococci
- Viridans, Diptheroids, S. epidermidis
Microbiota of different parts of the body:
1. Nasopharynx
2. Colon
3. Urethra
- S. aureus, S. epidermidis, N. meningitidis
- E.coli, bacteroides, lactobacilli
- Diptheroids, S.epidermidis, alpha & non-hemolytic streptococci
- microorganism that cause infection or disease
- able to invade the tissue/ immune system w/ intact immune system
- do not causes disease but can cause disease if the host is immunocompromised - cause of the diseases (causative agents)
- development of the infection or disease
- ability to cause a disease
- Pathogen
- True pathogen
- Opportunistic pathogen - Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Pathogenicity
- reproduce, multiply, and the cause disease through local cellular injury toxin secretion or antigen-antibody
- specific illness or disorder that is characterized by recognizable set of sign & symptoms
- Infection
- Disease
According to Cause:
1. caused by normal flora
2. caused by medical treatment/procedure
3. due to immunocompromised
host (resistant to antibiotics)
4. hospital- acquired
- 4 common acquired
- Autogenous infection
- Iatrogenic infection
- Opportunistic infection
- Nosocomial infection
a. pneumonia
b. UTI
c. SSI (surgical site infection)
d. bloodstream infections
According to Host Distribution:
1. in one area
2. spreads to another part
3. spreads through the body
- presence of bacteria in the blood
- active multiplication of invading
bacteria in the blood
- pus-producing organism invades
- presence of toxin in the blood
- Local infection
- Focal infection
- Systemic infection
- Bacteremia
- Septicemia
- Pyemia
- Toxemia
Extent of Infection
1. initial infection
2. caused by opportunistic pathogens
after the primary infection
3. silent inside the body and
causes no noticeable illness
4. two or more organisms
5. develops and progresses faster
6. develop slowly w/ milder
but longer lasting symptoms
- Primary infection
- Secondary infection
- Latent infection
- Mixed infection
- Acute infection
- Chronic infection
Route of Infection
1. Direct
- mother to baby
- example
- ___ contact
- ex for droplets
- ex for hand to hand
2. Indirect
- inanimate objects
- ___
- vector
** only carries
** multiplies inside the vector
- Direct
- congenital contact
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae = gonoccocal conjunctivitis
- sexual contact
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- rhinovirus - Indirect
- fomites
- water
- vector
** mechanical
** biological/arthropods
According to Occurrence:
1. occurs occasionally
2. present in particular location or
population
3. affects larger number of people in a given population within a short span of time
4. affects populations across large
regions around the world
Effects of Infectious
1. objective changes that can be measure (observable; e.g. fever)
2. subjective indication of the disease in a person(cannot be seen; e.g. pain)
According to Occurrence:
1. Sporadic
2. Endemic
3. Epidemic
4. Pandemic
***
Effects of Infectious
1. Signs
2. Symptoms
Phases of Infectious Disease:
1. time of exposure to the onset of signs & symptoms
2. signs and symptoms appears
3. peak of signs & symptoms
4. improved condition
5. period of recovery
- Incubation period
- Prodromal period
- Clinical period
- Decline period
- Convalescence
epidemiological triad:
1. answers “what”
2. answers “who”
3. answers “where”
***
Etiologic Agent
1. cause by abnormality
- aka
in the genes or chromosomes
2. outside agents
- aka
- thru 4 agents (4)
epidemiological triad:
1. Agent
2. Host
3. Environment
***
Etiologic Agent
1. Genetic
- Intrinsic agent
2. Acquired
- Extrinsic agent
- physical, chemical, nutritional, infectious agents
Factors in Epidemiological triad
____: mode of transmission
1. thru _____ = physical transfer
- physical contact (droplets,sex,hand to hand, percutaneous, abrasions)
- there’s an intermediate agent (water, food, soil); vectors
host: should be a _____ host
1. how etiologic agents enter the
host
- 3 ways
2. intensity of pathogenicity
3. ability to multiply in _____
4. # of ____
5. ______ of the host
Environment
1. mechanical transmission
- direct
- indirect
susceptible host
1. portal of entry
- penetration, inhalation, ingestion
2. virulence
3. in vitro
4. # of pathogens
5. resistance of the host
Chain of Infection
1. disease causing organism
2. site where infectious agents live and multiply
- harbor these infectious agents temporarily (aka)
- harbor these infectious
agents for long period of time (years/lifetime)
- patients have active
infectious before and already recovered, but still
harbors the infectious agent
- overt-clinical case (clinically
sick and spreading the agents)
- Infectious agent
- Reservoir
- causal (transient carriers)
- chronic carriers
- convalescent carriers
- active carriers
Chain of Infection
1. way in how these agents will leave to go to the host
2. way on how these infectious
agents will get to susceptible host
3. how will they enter the susceptible
host; usually takes place
4. ______
- portal of exit
- Mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- Susceptibility
