Adaptive immunity Flashcards
Thymic vs BM cells
population
1. Tcell
2. Bcell
lifespan
1. Tcell
2. Bcell
identification
1. Tcell
2. Bcell
population
1. 60-80%
2. 20%
lifespan
1. Longer
2. Shorter
identification
1. rosette formation in surface of RBC
2. surface immunoglobulin
Thymic vs BM cells
lymph node location
1. Tcell
2. Bcell
end product
1. Tcell
2. Bcell (produced specifically by)
antigen
1. Tcell
2. Bcell
lymph node location
1. paracortical
2. cortical
end product
1. cytokines
2. antibodies (plasma cell)
antigen
1. CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8
2. CD19, CD20, CD21, CD40, MHC II
______: substance that can provoke the production of antibody; recognized as “foreign” by antibody
- antigens that are able to elicit antibody-mediated immune response
features that determines the immunogenicity of antigen:
1. degree of antigenic determinants are considered as non-self; more foreign = more potent to create immune response
2. larger the antigen = more likely to induce immune response
- most potent antigen requires
3. proteins & carbohydrates are structurally complicated
- order of complexity
4. _______
5. ______
***
______: produced in response to antigenic stimulation that is capable of specific interaction w/ provoking immunogen; glycoproteins produced by plasma cells in response to antigen
Antigens
1. immunogen
features that determines the immunogenicity of antigen:
1. foreignness
2. size
- >10k
3. chemical & structural complexity
- protein > carbohydrates > lipids > nucleic acids
4. degradability
5. dosage, route, and timing of antigen administration
***
1. Antibody/ Immunoglobulin
A. Humoral Mediated
1. major component
2. cell type
3. mode of action
4. primary defense against _______
B. Cellular-Mediated Immunity
1. produces ____ instead of antibodies
2. cell type
- activates B cells & macrophages
- inhibits t-cells so the immune system won’t overreact
- responsible for phagocytosis activation; destroys target cells
- mediators that act between leukocytes
3. mode of action
4. defense against ____ & _____
A. Humoral Mediated
1. antibodies
2. B lymphocytes
3. antibodies in serum
4. bacterial infection
B. Cellular-Mediated Immunity
1. Cytokines
1. T lymphocytes
- helper t-cell
- suppressor t-cell
- cytotoxic cell
- interleukins
3. direct cell to cell contact
4. viral & fungal infections,
Classes of Immunoglobulin
_____: strong precipitin but moderate agglutinin
1. percentage
2. form
3. most efficient IgG (%)
4. best in complement fixation due to its largest hinge region (%)
5. important in host defense against encapsulated bacteria (%)
6. can cross the placenta order
7. fixing complement order
- requires ____ molecule to initiate complement
IgG
1. 70-75%
2. monomer
3. IgG1 67%
4. IgG3 7%
5. IgG2 22%
6. IgG1 > IgG3 > IgG4
7. IgG3 > IgG1 > IgG2
- 1000
Classes of Immunoglobulin
_____: main immunoglobulin that is produced during primary immune response; first to appear after antigenic stimulation; no memory cells
1. percentage
2. forms
- membrane bound
- joining chain
3. complement fixation requires ___ to initiate complement
IgM
1. 5-10%
2.
- pentameric
- monomeric
3. 1 IgM
Classes of Immunoglobulin
_____: main immunoglobulin found in the mucosal membrane; predominant in secretions
- percentage
- forms
- found in serum
- held together by J-chain - down regulate IgG-mediated phagocytosis, chemotaxis,
bactericidal activity, & cytokine release
- _____ agent - keep antigens from penetrating farther into the body
IgA
1. 10-15%
2.
- monomer (IgA1)
- polymeric (IgA2)
3. IgA1
- anti-inflammatory agent
4. IgA2
Classes of Immunoglobulin
_____: found on surfaces of V cells as antigen receptor
1. percentage
2. form
3. formerly known as
____: binds to the receptors of mast cells, basophils, eosinophils = involved in allergic & hypersensitivity rxns; provides protection against parasitic worms
1. percentage
2. form
3. most _____
IgD
1. 0.001%
2. Monomer
3. anti-idiopathic Ab
IgE
1. <0.0005%
2. Monomer
3. heat-labile
Antibody Immune Response
1. there’s still no antibody detected
2. antibody will increase logarithmically
3. antibody titer is stable
4. antibody is catabolize (breaking down of antibody)
- Lag
- Log
- Plateau
- Decline
Types of Immune Response
Primary Antibody Response
1. predominant antibody produces:
2. ____ lag phase
3. ____ antibody titer
Secondary
1. predominant antibody produces:
2. ____ lag phase
3. ____ antibody titer
Primary Antibody Response
1. IgM
2. Longer
3. Decrease
Secondary
1. IgG
2. Shorter
3. Increase
Comparison of Types of Acquired Immunity
Active mode of acquisition
1. Natural
2. Artificial
Passive mode of acquisition
1. Natural
- example (2)
2. Artificial
- example
Active mode of acquisition
1. Infection
2. Vaccination
Passive mode of acquisition
1. Transfer in vivo or colostrum
- IgG & IgA
2. Infusion of serum / plasma
- antisera (RhoGAM)
APPLICATION OF IMMUNOLOGY
1. serum that contains antibody against antigen
2. stimulate life-long immunity
- ____ vaccine
- ____ vaccine: weakened organism
- ____: inactivated exotoxins
- Antisera
- Vaccine
- killed-pathogenic vaccine
- attenuated vaccine
- toxoids
