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BACTE LEC > NEISSERIA > Flashcards

NEISSERIA Flashcards

1
Q

what does the neisseria species resemble

A

coffee bean
kidney beans

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2
Q

rod like neisseria

A

n. weaveri
n. elongata
n. bacilliformis

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3
Q

catalase neg and cytochrome oxidase neg

A

n. elongata subspecies nitroreducens
n. bacilliformis

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4
Q

what type of bacteria is neisseria

A

capnophilic (3-10%) and humidophiles

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5
Q

req temp of neisseria

A

between 35 and 37

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5
Q

natural habitat of neisseria and what are the pathogens

A

mucous membranes of the respiratory tract
urogenital tract

n. gonorrhea
n. meningitidis

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6
Q

Required in enriched media for growth

A

iron

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7
Q

primary media used in n. gonorrheae

A

cap

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7
Q

supplements needed in enriched cap

A

cysteine
x factor
v factor

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7
Q

derived from: LYSED RBCs

A

X factor

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8
Q

can be derived from RBCs, but abundantly produced by some bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and can be obtained from yeast, yeast extracts and potato extracts.

kanang gina add for growth

A

v factor

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9
Q

why the neisseria family must be inoculated immediately on their respective primary isolation media.

A

because they are highly sensitive to temperature changes and must be protected in the cold

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10
Q

competes human hosts for IRON

A

transferrin

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11
Q

resists phagocytosis

A

Polysaccharide Capsule

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12
Q

for attachment to host’s mucus membranes

A

Pili

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13
Q

function of por (protein 1)

A

channel for passage of nutrients and waste products

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14
Q

function of porb

A

protective against host’s inflammatory response

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15
Q

function of opa (protein ii)

A

facilitate adherence of organisms to phagocytic and epithelial cell

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16
Q

manifested by purpura and petechial rash.

A

Capillary leakage

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16
Q

function of lipoligosaccharide

A

contain the endotoxin portion of the organism

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16
Q

can stimulate macrophages to produce increased amounts “pro-inflammatory” cytokines

A

endotoxins

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16
Q

function of IgA protease

A

cleaves IgA antobodies in mucus membranes

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16
Q

“pro-inflammatory” cytokines

A

▪ Tumor necrosis factor
▪ Interleukin 1
▪ Chemokines
▪ And other inflammatory mediator

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16
Q

what is tachycardia

A

increased heartbeat

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16
Q

primary present due to endotoxin

A

purpura
petechial rash

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17
Q

what is septic shock

A

abrupt cessation of the functions of vital
organs due to decrease oxygen delivery.

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18
Q

n. gonorrheae is primarily acquired in?
and where does it occur

A

sexual contact

urethra
endocervix
anal canal
pharynx
conjuctiva

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18
Q

what is flow of seed

A

urethral discharge mistaken for semen

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18
Q

what is clap

A

throbbing pain caused by the infection

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18
Q

why is neisseria confused with syphilis

A

it resembles the lesions in syphilis

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19
Q

Primary reservoir of n.gonorrheae

A

asymptomatic carriers

19
Q

incubation period of NG

A

2-7 days

20
Q

NG results in men

A

purulent discharge
dysuria

20
Q

an infection of one or more of the upper reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

20
Q

amino acids in AHU strain

A

arginine
hypoxanthine
uracil

21
Q

common site of NG in women

A

endocervix

22
Q

what is perihepatitis

A

chronic manifestation of the pelvic inflammatory disease

22
Q

what is ectopic pregnancy

A

fertilized egg implants that grows outside the main cavity of uterus

22
Q

Gonococcal eye infection in the newborn

A

opthalmia neonatorum

22
Q

treatment of opthalmia neonatorum

A

crede’s prophylaxis
erythromycin drops

22
Q

why two swabbed specimens must be collected.

A

one for microscopy
one for inoculation to primary media

23
Q

NG: sources of specimens

A

genital sources

23
Q

a swab must be inserted up to how many cm

A

2m

24
Q

rectal swab must be inseted in how many cm

A

4-5cm

25
Q

preferred swab to be used

A

dacron swab

25
Q

why must swabs plated immediately in the primary selective media

A

extreme susceptibility to drying and temperature change

26
Q

anticoagulant in blood culture system

A

SPS - sodium polyanethol sulfonate

26
Q

collected to diagnose DGI

A

blood specimens

26
Q

it is added to neutralize sps

A

gelatin

27
Q

These contain selective media and a CO2 atmosphere to provide optimal conditions until the specimen reaches the laboratory.

A

commercial transport systems

27
Q

NG: direct microscopy examinations must be prepared from

A

urogenital specimens

28
Q

what pattern must be done in cts

A

z pattern

29
Q

why nasopharyngeal specimens are not recommended for gram stain

A

due to the presence of commensal neisseria

30
Q

NG: how many days in cap to examine the growth

A

7 days

31
Q

inhibitor of thayer martin

A

vancomycin
colistin
nystatin

32
Q

inhibitor of modified thayer martin

A

vancomycin
colistin
nystatin
trimethoprim lactate

32
Q

inhibitor of martin lewis

A

Vancomyci
Colistin
Trimethoprim Lactate
Anisomcyin

32
Q

inhibitor of new york city agar

A

Vancomycin
Colistin
Trimetophrim Lactate
Amphotericin B

32
Q

piliated, virulent colonies
Smaller and raised, appear bright in
reflected light

A

T1 and T2

32
Q

non piliated, avirulent
Larger, flatter colonies

A

T3-T5

33
Q

why fresh culture is recommended for workup

A

organism can produce their own autolytic
enzyme

34
Q

in indirect microsopy, what will occasionally grow in rods

A

kingella
acinetobacter

35
Q

oxidase reagentsin COT

A

1% dimethyl p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride
1% tetramethyl p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride

36
Q

definitive test of NG

A

carbohydrate utilization test using cysteine trypticase agar

37
Q

what organism is present in CUT

A

n. gonorrhae due to it ferments glucose

38
Q

Based on colour changes after bacterial enzymes hydrolyse the CHO substrates

A

Chromogenic Substrates Methods of CHO utilization

39
Q

Combine substrates of other biochemical tests

A

Multitest Method

40
Q

contain beta lactam rings in their structure

A

Beta-lactam drugs

41
Q

binds to the penicillin-binding proteins

A

Beta-lactam ring

41
Q

enzyme in beta lactamase test

A

beta lactamase

42
Q

Examples of bacteria that produce beta-lactamase

A

Neisseria
Escherichia coli
Staphylococci

43
Q

Beta lactamase test

A

determines the ability of the bacterial isolate to produce the beta-lactamase enzyme that hydrolyze beta-lactam rings, making them resistant to penicillin and other beta lactam drugs.

44
Q

method of BLT

A

cefinase test

45
Q

reagent of CT

A

cefinase disk

46
Q

CDC recommended treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea.

A

Ceftriaxone
cefixime
ciprofloxacin
ofloxacin
levofloxacin

46
Q

CURRENT RECOMMENDED TREATMENT for NG

A

cephalosporin

BACTE LEC (7 decks)

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