NEISSERIA Flashcards
what does the neisseria species resemble
coffee bean
kidney beans
rod like neisseria
n. weaveri
n. elongata
n. bacilliformis
catalase neg and cytochrome oxidase neg
n. elongata subspecies nitroreducens
n. bacilliformis
what type of bacteria is neisseria
capnophilic (3-10%) and humidophiles
req temp of neisseria
between 35 and 37
natural habitat of neisseria and what are the pathogens
mucous membranes of the respiratory tract
urogenital tract
n. gonorrhea
n. meningitidis
Required in enriched media for growth
iron
primary media used in n. gonorrheae
cap
supplements needed in enriched cap
cysteine
x factor
v factor
derived from: LYSED RBCs
X factor
can be derived from RBCs, but abundantly produced by some bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and can be obtained from yeast, yeast extracts and potato extracts.
kanang gina add for growth
v factor
why the neisseria family must be inoculated immediately on their respective primary isolation media.
because they are highly sensitive to temperature changes and must be protected in the cold
competes human hosts for IRON
transferrin
resists phagocytosis
Polysaccharide Capsule
for attachment to host’s mucus membranes
Pili
function of por (protein 1)
channel for passage of nutrients and waste products
function of porb
protective against host’s inflammatory response
function of opa (protein ii)
facilitate adherence of organisms to phagocytic and epithelial cell
manifested by purpura and petechial rash.
Capillary leakage
function of lipoligosaccharide
contain the endotoxin portion of the organism
can stimulate macrophages to produce increased amounts “pro-inflammatory” cytokines
endotoxins
function of IgA protease
cleaves IgA antobodies in mucus membranes
“pro-inflammatory” cytokines
▪ Tumor necrosis factor
▪ Interleukin 1
▪ Chemokines
▪ And other inflammatory mediator
what is tachycardia
increased heartbeat
primary present due to endotoxin
purpura
petechial rash
what is septic shock
abrupt cessation of the functions of vital
organs due to decrease oxygen delivery.
n. gonorrheae is primarily acquired in?
and where does it occur
sexual contact
urethra
endocervix
anal canal
pharynx
conjuctiva
what is flow of seed
urethral discharge mistaken for semen
what is clap
throbbing pain caused by the infection
why is neisseria confused with syphilis
it resembles the lesions in syphilis
Primary reservoir of n.gonorrheae
asymptomatic carriers
incubation period of NG
2-7 days
NG results in men
purulent discharge
dysuria
an infection of one or more of the upper reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries
pelvic inflammatory disease
amino acids in AHU strain
arginine
hypoxanthine
uracil
common site of NG in women
endocervix
what is perihepatitis
chronic manifestation of the pelvic inflammatory disease
what is ectopic pregnancy
fertilized egg implants that grows outside the main cavity of uterus
Gonococcal eye infection in the newborn
opthalmia neonatorum
treatment of opthalmia neonatorum
crede’s prophylaxis
erythromycin drops
why two swabbed specimens must be collected.
one for microscopy
one for inoculation to primary media
NG: sources of specimens
genital sources
a swab must be inserted up to how many cm
2m
rectal swab must be inseted in how many cm
4-5cm
preferred swab to be used
dacron swab
why must swabs plated immediately in the primary selective media
extreme susceptibility to drying and temperature change
anticoagulant in blood culture system
SPS - sodium polyanethol sulfonate
collected to diagnose DGI
blood specimens
it is added to neutralize sps
gelatin
These contain selective media and a CO2 atmosphere to provide optimal conditions until the specimen reaches the laboratory.
commercial transport systems
NG: direct microscopy examinations must be prepared from
urogenital specimens
what pattern must be done in cts
z pattern
why nasopharyngeal specimens are not recommended for gram stain
due to the presence of commensal neisseria
NG: how many days in cap to examine the growth
7 days
inhibitor of thayer martin
vancomycin
colistin
nystatin
inhibitor of modified thayer martin
vancomycin
colistin
nystatin
trimethoprim lactate
inhibitor of martin lewis
Vancomyci
Colistin
Trimethoprim Lactate
Anisomcyin
inhibitor of new york city agar
Vancomycin
Colistin
Trimetophrim Lactate
Amphotericin B
piliated, virulent colonies
Smaller and raised, appear bright in
reflected light
T1 and T2
non piliated, avirulent
Larger, flatter colonies
T3-T5
why fresh culture is recommended for workup
organism can produce their own autolytic
enzyme
in indirect microsopy, what will occasionally grow in rods
kingella
acinetobacter
oxidase reagentsin COT
1% dimethyl p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride
1% tetramethyl p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride
definitive test of NG
carbohydrate utilization test using cysteine trypticase agar
what organism is present in CUT
n. gonorrhae due to it ferments glucose
Based on colour changes after bacterial enzymes hydrolyse the CHO substrates
Chromogenic Substrates Methods of CHO utilization
Combine substrates of other biochemical tests
Multitest Method
contain beta lactam rings in their structure
Beta-lactam drugs
binds to the penicillin-binding proteins
Beta-lactam ring
enzyme in beta lactamase test
beta lactamase
Examples of bacteria that produce beta-lactamase
Neisseria
Escherichia coli
Staphylococci
Beta lactamase test
determines the ability of the bacterial isolate to produce the beta-lactamase enzyme that hydrolyze beta-lactam rings, making them resistant to penicillin and other beta lactam drugs.
method of BLT
cefinase test
reagent of CT
cefinase disk
CDC recommended treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea.
Ceftriaxone
cefixime
ciprofloxacin
ofloxacin
levofloxacin
CURRENT RECOMMENDED TREATMENT for NG
cephalosporin
