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BACTE LEC > ENTEROBACTERIACEAE PT.1 > Flashcards

ENTEROBACTERIACEAE PT.1 Flashcards

1
Q

nm at 37 and rt

A

klebsiella
shigella

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2
Q

nm at 37 but m at rt

A

yersinia

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2
Q

used in the presumptive identification of enteric organisms in the laboratory.

A

Primary culture media

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3
Q

what bacteria has polar flagella

A

tatumella ptyseos

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3
Q

what type of flagella does motile members have

A

peritrichous flagella

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4
Q

what are antigens

A

substances (proteins) that react with specific antibodies

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4
Q

what are antibodies

A

proteins that react to antigens

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4
Q

what is serotyping

A

a serologic test that determines species/subtypes of bacteria based on the antigens present on its surface.

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5
Q

what is antigenic variations

A

refers to the variations in the antigenic structures of antigens.

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6
Q
  • Used in the serotyping between species of Salmonella and other motile bacteria.
  • flagellar antigen
  • Heat labile
A

H antigen

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7
Q
  • somatic antigen
  • Heat stable, located in the cell wall
A

O antigen

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7
Q

how to remove k antigen

A

must be boiled for 30 minutes

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7
Q
  • capsular antigen/envelope antigen
  • Heat labile polysaccharide found in
    encapsulated strains.
A

K antigen

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7
Q

species that have k antigen

A

klebsiella
salmonella
e. coli

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8
Q

what antigen for Salmonella is categorized as K antigens.

A

vi antigen

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9
Q

Common types of infections in enterobac

A

uti
gastroentreritis
septicemia

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10
Q

diff opportunistic pathogen from primary pathogen

A

opportunistic pathogen is a harmless bacteria that can be harmful if an opportunity arise;

primary pathogen is a harmful bacteria that cause disease to a healthy individual

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11
Q
  • Previously considered as a harmless member of the colon biota
  • Primary marker of fecal contamination in water
A

Escherichia coli

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11
Q

what cho does e. coli ferments

A

glucose
lactose
trehalose
xylose

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11
Q

what is Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC)

A

Associated with diarrhea of infants (major cause!) and
adults in tropical and subtropical areas

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12
Q

ETEC infective dose of organisms in immunocompetent individuals.

A

10^6-10^10

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12
Q

Serves as a protective mechanism against colonization and disease initiation

A

stomach acidity

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13
Q

lack of hcl; – higher risk compared to normal persons.

A

achlorhydria

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14
Q

Colonization of ETEC in the small intestine mediated by

A

fimbriae

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15
Q

how many a and b subunits in etec

A

1 a subunit
5 b subunits

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16
Q

B subunit binds to the … , the same receptor used by cholera toxin to bind on the epithelial cells in the small intestine.

A

GM1 ganglioside receptor

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17
Q

Associated with dysentery

A

Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC)

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18
Q

mediate the colonization of EIC into the colonic
epithelium

A

plasmid encoded invasive genes

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19
Q

Movement within the cytoplasm and into the adjacent
cells is regulated by

A

actin filaments

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20
Q

carbon source of eiec

A

acetate
mucate utilization

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20
Q

what is sereny test

A

test of invasiveness

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21
Q

characteristic of enteropathogenic e. coli

A

watery diarrhea with large amount of mucous with no blood

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21
Q

results in polymerization of actin

A

Binding of intimin to Tir

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21
Q

mediates the initial aggregation of EPEC that leads to the formation of micro-colonies on the epithelial cell surface.

A

Bundle-forming pili

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22
Q

– inserted into the host’s epithelial cell membrane and functions as a receptor

A

Translocated intimin receptor

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23
Q

function of Escherichia coliI secreted protein F (EspF)

A

causes loss of intestinal barrier

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23
Q

Causes hemorrhagic diarrhea and colitis

A

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC)

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23
Q

associated with hemorrhagic diarrhea, colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

EHEC STRAIN 0157:H7

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24
Q

what is verotoxin 1

A

phage encoded toxin identical to shiga toxin

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25
Q

Shiga-toxin binding to proteins on the surface of glomerular endothelium and inactivating a metalloproteinase called

A

von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (VWFCP)

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25
Q

what is verotoxin 2

A

it lacks antigenic similarities

25
Q

specific glycolipid that is expressed on host cells particularly on the intestinal villi and renal endothelial cells.

A

globotriaosylceramide

26
Q

triad symptoms of HUS

A

thrombocytopenia
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
kidney failure

27
Q

Due to reduced blood flow leading to Ischemia and alson due to the direct damage caused by the toxin to the renal endothelial cells

A

Kidney Failure

28
Q
  • On of the few bacteria associated with chronic
    diarrhea and growth retardation in children
  • Implicated in persistent watery diarrhea in infants in
    developing countries and in travelers to these countries
A

Enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC)

29
Q

function of thick biofilm

A

protects the aggregated bacteria from antibiotics and phagocytic cells

29
Q

2 toxins produced by Enteroaggregative E.coli

A

Enteroaggregative heat stable toxin
Plasmid encoded toxin

29
Q

Most common cause of UTI, mostly occurring among females

A

Uropathogenic E.coli

30
Q

function of cytolysin

A

it is a hemolysin that lyses wbcs and inhibits phagocytosis and chemotaxis

31
Q

function of Aerobactin

A

allows uropathogenic strains to chelate iron

32
Q

Formerly called E.coli atypical or enteric group II

A

E. hermannii

33
Q

Isolated from humans with infected wounds

A

E. vulneris

34
Q

Associated with diarrheal disease in children

A

E. albertii

34
Q

aka friedlander’s bacilli

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

35
Q

Absence of motility, possess a polysaccharide capsule

A

klebsiella

36
Q

distinct feature of kp

A

polysaccharide capsule

36
Q

carbapenemase

A

ventilator-associated pneumonia

36
Q

what test is kp positive

A

capsular swelling test

37
Q

what culture media is used in the diagnosis of kp

A

emb
mac
xld

37
Q

causative agent of antibiotic associated hemorrhagic colitis

A

klebsiella oxytoca

37
Q

function of potassium cyanide

A

it is used to differentiate organisms based on their ability to grow with the presence of cyanide

38
Q

treatments in klebsiella oxytoca

A

amoxicillin-clavulanate
amoxicillin
penicillin
ampicillin

39
Q

tilivallin

A

causes mitotic arrest of host cells and induces apoptosis

39
Q

names before of klebsiella granulomatis

A

donovania granulomatis
calymmatobacterium granulomatis

40
Q

are rod-shaped, oval organisms that can be seen in
the cytoplasm of mononuclear phagocytes or histiocytes in tissue samples from patients with
granuloma inguinale.

A

donovan bodies

40
Q

It commonly affects the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, but it can also involve the larynx, trachea, bronchi,
middle ear, and orbit.

A

klebsiella rhinoscleromatis

41
Q

foamy macrophages with numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles containing viable and nonviable Klebsiella bacilli

A

mickulicz cells

42
Q

Causative agent of chronic atrophic rhinitis called
ozena.

A

klebsiella ozanae

42
Q

Inhabits soil and water and, to a lesser extent, the large bowels of man and animals

A

enterobacter

43
Q

is a disease of the nose in which the bony ridges and mucous membranes of the nose waste away

A

ozena

43
Q

characteristic of enterobacter colonies

A

fish eye colonies

44
Q

produces a yellow pigment and has been documented asa pathogen in neonates causing meningitis and bacteremia often coming from powdered infant
formula.

A

Cronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii

44
Q

found in respiratory samples and is rarely isolated from blood cultures

A

Enterobacter gergoviae

45
Q

gained notoriety with a nationwide (U.S) outbreak of septicemia resulting from contaminated IV fluids

A

Pantoea (Enterobacter) agglomerans

46
Q

–isolated from human sources such as blood, wound, and sputum.

A

Enterobacter hormaechei

47
Q

similar biochemically to Enterobacter cloacae and has been isolated from blood, urine, feces, sputum, and wounds.

A

Enterobacter asburiae

47
Q

emits a dirty, musty odor resembling “rotten potatoes”

A

serratia odorifera

48
Q

serratia species Pigment production at room temperature

A

s. marcesens
s. rubidea
s. plymuthica

48
Q

formerly Enterobacter taylorae has been associated with osteomyelitis after traumatic wounds.

A

Enterobacter cancerogenus

49
Q

pigment produced by serratia species

A

prodigiosin (pink-red color)

49
Q

diff s. odorifera biogroup 1 and biogroup 2

A

biogroup 1 - isolated from the respiratory tract
biogroup 2 - isolated from the blood and csf

49
Q

tribe proteeae generas

A

proteus
providencia
morganella

49
Q

Resembles Enterobacter but differentiated by its inability to ferment lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, and raffinose

A

hafnia alvei

50
Q

does tribe proteeae ferments lactose?

A

no

51
Q

are widely recognized human pathogens in genus proteus

A

p. mirabilis
p. vulgaris

52
Q

it forms the kidney stones

A

struvite crystals

53
Q

results form a tightly regulated cycle of differentiation
from standard vegetative cells (swimmers) to hyper-flagellated, elongated, polypoid cells (swarmers) capable of coordinated movement.

A

swarming

53
Q

what is diene’s phenomenon

A

a line of inhibited growth results where strains meet.

54
Q

what kind of odor does swarmers produce

A

burnt chocolate

55
Q

Proteus antigens are used in the diagnosis of

A

rickettsial disease

56
Q

the only urease positive under genus providencia

A

Providencia rettgeri

56
Q

proteus antigens

A

OXK, OK19, OX2

57
Q

weil-felix test

A

an agglutination test to differentiate rickettsial disease

58
Q

associated with UTI in those with indwelling catheters

A

p. stuartii

58
Q

associated with human infections

A

p. rettgeri
p. stuartii

59
Q

– only species within the genus Morganella

A

morganella morganii

59
Q

Considered as inhabitants of the GIT tract and are associated with hospital-acquired infections, most
frequently UTI.

A

citrobacter

60
Q

– associated with infectious diseases in hospital settings such as UTIs, pneumonias, and intra-abdominal abscess. It is also associated with endocarditis in IV drug abusers.

A

c. freundii

60
Q

Isolated from cold blooded animals including reptiles, freshwater and aquarium fish, frogs, and turtles.

A

E. tarda
E. hoshinae
E. ictaluri

60
Q
  • Phylogenetically closely related to Enterobacteriaceae, but it does not have the ability to produce gas from glucose
  • Only oxidase-positive member of the family Enterobacteriaceae
A

pleisiomonas

61
Q

the only species in genus pleisiomonas

A

pleisiomonas shigelloides

61
Q

It has emerged as a potential cause of
enteric disease in humans, most often after consumption of undercooked seafood or untreated water.

A

pleisiomonas shigelloides

BACTE LEC (7 decks)

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