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Question 1

passive transport

Answer 1

passive net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lowconcentration.

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

the passive net water molecules across cell membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

Question 3

Hypotonic solutio

Answer 3

lower solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell

Question 4

Hypertonic solution

Answer 4

higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell

Question 5

lysed/hameoylsis

Answer 5

when Water enters an animal cell causing it to swell enough to rupture the cell membrane in of a hypotonic solute

Question 6

turgid

Answer 6

when water enters the plant cell in hypotonic solutions and causes the vacuole to expand and to squeeze the cytoplasm against the cell wall, hence the cell is said to be turgid

Question 7

Crenation

Answer 7

when Water moves out of the cell causing the cell to shrink and crinkle in hypertonic solutions

Question 8

plasmolysis

Answer 8

Water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink - The cell wall maintains cell shape the cell in hypertonic solutions

Question 9

what happens in Hypotonic solution

Answer 9

Water enters the cell causing it to swell enough to rupture the cell membrane, when this happens the cell is said to be become lysed

In plant cells, Water enters the cell and passes into the vacuole causing vacuole swells and squeezes the cytoplasm against the cell wall the cell hence, is said to be turgid

Question 10

What happens in Hypertonic solution

Answer 10

In animal cells, crenation-
Water moves out of the cell causing the cell to shrink and crinkle

In plant cells, the cell goes into a state of plasmolysis as water leaves the cell but the cell maintains its shape because of the cell wall

Question 11

Active transport

Answer 11

The active net movement of a substance with the use ATP from an an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Question 12

How does active tranposrt take place

Answer 12

Membrane transport proteins use energy from ATP to move molecules or ions against the concentration gradient

Question 13

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

the passive net movement of molecules across the plasma membrane through transport proteins from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

Question 14

What do the protein molecules embedded in the plasma membrane do

Answer 14

allow for passive transport of small polar and hydrophilic substances in out of the cell

allows for cell communication; cells to recieve signals

Question 15

describe the passage ways of channel proteins andwhat diffuses through them

Answer 15

Narrow passageways through which water molecules and ion diffuse rapidly from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high soluteconcentraiton

Question 16

what istonic solution does a plantcell have

Answer 16

flaccid

Question 17

What is the difference between simple and facilated diffusion

Answer 17

Their identical EXCEPT facilicated diffusion requires channel and carrier proteins

Question 18

simple diffusion

Answer 18

movement of molecuels down a concentration graident, frm an area of high concetraiton to anrea of low concentration through a semi permable membrnae

Question 19

process of endocytsosis

Answer 19

1.Folding of the plasma membrane
2.Vesicle forms around molecules being transported
3.Contents released within the cell

Question 20

process of exocytosis

Answer 20

1.Molecules enclosed in a vesicle
2.Vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane
3.Contents released

Question 21

excyotosis

Answer 21

the bulk transport of molecules out of a cell

Question 22

endocytosis

Answer 22

bulk transport into the cell

Question 23

explain the factors the effect diffusiion

Answer 23

A
Concentration gradient.

The diffusion distance.

Surface area.

Physical barriers.

Question 24

Transmembrane proteins

Answer 24

proteins that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer that only allow specific substances across the membrane

Question 25

difference between transcription and translation

Answer 25

transcription occurs first- a copy of DNA is made(mRNA)

Translation:
occurs after transcription
mRNA is read by ribosomes to create proteins

Question 26

Why is it suggested that chloroplasts were once cyanobacteria

Answer 26

chloroplast share several characteristics with prokaryotic cells

Question 27

How did chloroplasts become part of eukaryotic cells and how

Answer 27

endosymbiosis as it occurred when the cyanobacteria was endocytosed by the plant/animal cell

Question 28

How did mitochondria become part of eukaryotic cells and how

Answer 28

endosymbiosis as they are endocytosed by the plant/animal cell

Question 29

endosymbosis

Answer 29

the theory that some organelles like mitochondria in eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes.

Question 30

endosymbiosis theory

Answer 30

the theory that some organelles like mitochondria in eukaryotes were once prokaryotic due to a mutual relationship.

Question 31

the genetic material of ribosomes

Answer 31

RNA

Question 32

centrioles

ONLY FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS

Answer 32

found in animal cells
involved in the movement of flagella and organising the spindle fibres during mitosis

Question 33

How does water move into the plant cells of vacuoles

Answer 33

osmosis

Question 34

Types of bacterium

Answer 34

coccus-spherical bacterium
bacillus-rod shaped bacterium
vibrio-comma shaped bacteirum

Question 35

do plant cells have lysosomes

Answer 35

no

Question 36

What is DNA

Answer 36

A
the coded instructions to make proteins

found on chromosomes held in the nucleus

Question 37

how doesmitochondir make its own protieins

Answer 37

byuisn gits circular chromosomes nad proteins

Question 38

what is it called when a carrier protein changes shape

Answer 38

conformational change

Question 39

another way to say active transport

Answer 39

protein medidated transport

Question 40

types of transmemrbane protiens

Answer 40

-Receptor protein: has receptor sites at the end of each carb chain that bidn with ligands(singalling moeluce) to trigger a series of chemical reactions

Transport proteins:
Allow specific substances to move across the membrane eg. channel and carrier proteins

Question 41

Why does exocytosis take place

Answer 41

exocytosis takes place to secrete waste from the cell as well as to relocate some of the substances produced in cells (e.g. hormones, mucus, milk proteins and digestive enzymes) elsewhere in the body.

Question 42

diffusion

Answer 42

the movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration.

Question 43

types of channel proteins

Answer 43

gated channel protein
open channle protein

Question 44

is water able to cross the cell membrane

Answer 44

yes it can with difficulty despite being polar because it is so small

Question 45

what is a concentration gradient

Answer 45

the measurement of how the concentration of something changes from one place to another

Question 46

net movement

Answer 46

the number of molecules moving in the direction of the forces, minus the number of molecuels movng in other directions

Question 47

how do the cell walls of plant cells and fungual and bacteiral cells differ

Answer 47

Plant cell walls are made out of cellulose. Fungal cell walls are made of chitin

Question 48

molecule with uneven charge distrubtuion

Answer 48

polar molecule

Question 49

what molceuel in involed incelluar reocngition

Answer 49

carbonhydgrate

Question 50

how doees temperature, PH and ethanol increase the permabilty of the plasma membrane

Answer 50

increasing the temperature will cause the proteins to denature

PH will cause the proteins to denature

Ethanol will cause the plasma membrane to melt creating holes, hence icnreaisng permabilty