3 Flashcards
difference of vacuoles in plant and animal cells
in animal cells, there are many small vacuoles that store waste
in plant cells there is one large vacuole stores sap
what cells are chloroplasts found
autotrophic cells(( cellsthat make their own food)
stroma
a jelly like fluid that isrich in enzymes in chloroplast
what floats on the stroma
the memebrane system:thylakoid membranes
thylakoid membranes
flat, sac-like structures that are called ‘grana’ when grouped together into stacks
thylakoid
the specific organelle where photosynthesis occurs in the chlorplast
difference functions of thylakoid and chloroplast
chloroplast captures light energy, thylakoid converts the light energy into glucose
what are the 2 stages that photosynthesis is divided into
the light-dependent stage and the light-independent stage
what is independent inside of the nucleus and cytoplasm
ribosomes, DNA and RNA are independent inside of the nucleus and cytoplasm
Why is it suggested that chloroplasts were once cyanobacteria
chloroplast share several characteristics with prokaryotic cells
How did chloroplasts become part of eukaryotic cells and how
endosymbiosis as it occurred when the cyanobacteria was endocytosed by the plant/animal cell
How did mitochondria become part of eukaryotic cells and how
endosymbiosis as they are endocytosed by the plant in the animal cell
endosymbosis
the theory that some organelles like mitochondria in eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes.
what evidence supports the endosymbiosis theory of chloroplasts
chloroplasts have their own cell membranes
each chloroplast has its own DNA and ribosomes
chloroplasts multiply by pinching in half, just like binary fission in bacteria
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what memebrane is the hosts and the bacteria’s memebrane in chloroplasts
outer membrane=host
inner membrane=bacteria’s membrane
endosymbiosis theory
the theory that some organelles like mitochondria in eukaryotes from prokaryote due to a mutual relationship.
what are the folds in the inner membrane called
cristae
mitochondrial matrix
protein-rich fluid located in the inner space of mitochondrion
where are enzymes for cellular respiration are mainly embedded
cristae
what do the numerous folds of the cristae provide
large surface area for the chemical reactions to occur
what does mitochondria do in a cell with high energy needs
mitochondria cluster in areas of high energy
what evidence supports the endosymbiosis theory of mitochondria
mitochondria has their own cell membrane and like prokaryotes
mitochondria has its own DNA
mitochondria multiply by pinching in half, just like binary fission in bacteria
mitochondria and plastids dont have a cytoskeleton
What are the 3 liquids within a cell
fluid like substance inside of a cell is known as a cytosol
, fluid like substance inside of a chloroplast is called the stroma and inside the mitochondria is known as the mitochondrial matrix
difference between cyoplasm and cystol
fluid like substance inside of a cell is known as a cytosol (cytosol plus organelles = cytoplasm)
Surface area
the amount of space covering the outside of a 3D shape
Volume
amount of the object takes up
Why is the endosymbiotic theory known as endomebyosis?
Endo comes from the fact that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once endocytosed by the plant/animal cell
symbiotic part is because these organelles have formed a mutual (symbiotic) relationship with the plant/animal cell
.Why do phagocytic cells contain multiple lysosomes
lysosomes help digest foreign susbtances that are consumed by the phagocytic cells through digestive enzymes
the genetic material of ribosomes
RNA
what kind of DNA does mitochodnria have
circular DNA
