3 Flashcards

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1
Q

difference of vacuoles in plant and animal cells

A

in animal cells, there are many small vacuoles that store waste
in plant cells there is one large vacuole stores sap

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1
Q

what cells are chloroplasts found

A

autotrophic cells(( cellsthat make their own food)

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2
Q

stroma

A

a jelly like fluid that isrich in enzymes in chloroplast

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3
Q

what floats on the stroma

A

the memebrane system:thylakoid membranes

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4
Q

thylakoid membranes

A

flat, sac-like structures that are called ‘grana’ when grouped together into stacks

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5
Q

thylakoid

A

the specific organelle where photosynthesis occurs in the chlorplast

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6
Q

difference functions of thylakoid and chloroplast

A

chloroplast captures light energy, thylakoid converts the light energy into glucose

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7
Q

what are the 2 stages that photosynthesis is divided into

A

the light-dependent stage and the light-independent stage

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8
Q

what is independent inside of the nucleus and cytoplasm

A

ribosomes, DNA and RNA are independent inside of the nucleus and cytoplasm

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9
Q

Why is it suggested that chloroplasts were once cyanobacteria

A

chloroplast share several characteristics with prokaryotic cells

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10
Q

How did chloroplasts become part of eukaryotic cells and how

A

endosymbiosis as it occurred when the cyanobacteria was endocytosed by the plant/animal cell

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10
Q

How did mitochondria become part of eukaryotic cells and how

A

endosymbiosis as they are endocytosed by the plant in the animal cell

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11
Q

endosymbosis

A

the theory that some organelles like mitochondria in eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes.

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12
Q

what evidence supports the endosymbiosis theory of chloroplasts

A

chloroplasts have their own cell membranes

each chloroplast has its own DNA and ribosomes

chloroplasts multiply by pinching in half, just like binary fission in bacteria

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13
Q

what memebrane is the hosts and the bacteria’s memebrane in chloroplasts

A

outer membrane=host
inner membrane=bacteria’s membrane

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14
Q

endosymbiosis theory

A

the theory that some organelles like mitochondria in eukaryotes from prokaryote due to a mutual relationship.

15
Q

what are the folds in the inner membrane called

A

cristae

16
Q

mitochondrial matrix

A

protein-rich fluid located in the inner space of mitochondrion

17
Q

where are enzymes for cellular respiration are mainly embedded

A

cristae

18
Q

what do the numerous folds of the cristae provide

A

large surface area for the chemical reactions to occur

19
Q

what does mitochondria do in a cell with high energy needs

A

mitochondria cluster in areas of high energy

19
Q

what evidence supports the endosymbiosis theory of mitochondria

A

mitochondria has their own cell membrane and like prokaryotes

mitochondria has its own DNA

mitochondria multiply by pinching in half, just like binary fission in bacteria

mitochondria and plastids dont have a cytoskeleton

20
Q

What are the 3 liquids within a cell

A

fluid like substance inside of a cell is known as a cytosol

, fluid like substance inside of a chloroplast is called the stroma and inside the mitochondria is known as the mitochondrial matrix

21
Q

difference between cyoplasm and cystol

A

fluid like substance inside of a cell is known as a cytosol (cytosol plus organelles = cytoplasm)

22
Q

Surface area

A

the amount of space covering the outside of a 3D shape

23
Q

Volume

A

amount of the object takes up

24
Q

Why is the endosymbiotic theory known as endomebyosis?

A

Endo comes from the fact that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once endocytosed by the plant/animal cell

symbiotic part is because these organelles have formed a mutual (symbiotic) relationship with the plant/animal cell

25
Q

.Why do phagocytic cells contain multiple lysosomes

A

lysosomes help digest foreign susbtances that are consumed by the phagocytic cells through digestive enzymes

26
Q

the genetic material of ribosomes

A

RNA

27
Q

what kind of DNA does mitochodnria have

A

circular DNA