2

Question 1

Plasmid

Answer 1

small circular DNA found in prokaryotes

Question 2

What do ALL cells have

Answer 2

cell membrane
cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosome

Question 3

Examples of componets of cells that are not orangelles.

Answer 3

cell membrane
cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosome

Question 4

What are ribosomes made up of

Answer 4

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 5

The function of ribosomes that floats in the cytosol

Answer 5

make cytoplasmic proteins for cell’s survival

Question 6

function of Ribosomes found on the Rough ER

Answer 6

makes proteins that will be removed from the cell through exocytosis or stick to the rough ER

Question 6

How do proteins reach organelles like the golgi apparatus

Answer 6

1. the protein enters the RER

2.Inside the RER, proteins are modified eg. bended and folded

3.Small parts of the RER pinch off to form a vesicle that transports the proteins(to organelles like Golgi)

Question 6

How does the golgi body excrete proteins from the cell

Answer 6

Receives proteins from the Rough ER and modifies them into their final form

The Golgi apparatus then packages the modified proteins into vesicles that pinch off and move towards the cell membrane

2. the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents into the extracellular fluid

Question 7

Some ribosomes are studded onto the rough ER whereas some are free floating. Why is that the case?

Answer 7

the proteins produced from the free floating ribosomes stay around the inside of the cell.

Whilst, the proteins RER proteins get sent to the golgi body to be packaged out of the cell

Question 8

why do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain ribosome

Answer 8

ribosomes are not membrane bound organelles and also because all cells need protein to survive

Question 9

what do eukaryotes contain that prokaryotes do not

Answer 9

memebrane bound organelles

Question 10

Can organelles float contionosuly around the cell* are they constantly moving

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

What are proteins made up of

Answer 11

amino acids

Question 12

What is connected to the nucleus

Answer 12

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

exocytosis

Answer 13

the bulk transport of molecules outside of a cell

Question 14

Difference of DNA in eukaryotic organisms and prokaryotic organsims

Answer 14

DNA in eukaryotic organisms is linear and stored in the nucleus

DNA is prokaryotic organisms is stored in a circular plasmid and floats in the cytoplasm as there is no nucleus.

Question 15

How is ribosome involved in the production of protein

Answer 15

ribosomes add amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain

Question 16

why does the cell memebrane separate the interior of the cell from the outside environment?

Answer 16

because the cell’s environment varies from its outer environment (e.g. in terms of ph, ions, temperature, nutrients)

Question 17

phagocytosis

Answer 17

a process where a phagocyte engulfs destroys foreign substances and removes dead cells.

Question 18

apoptosis

Answer 18

the process of programmed cell death

Question 19

what may happen to the proteins when the golgi body reiceves proteins from the RER

Answer 19

golgi body may add sugar to the protein to make glycoprotein

golgi body may Add lipid to the protein and make it a lipoprotein

golgi body may Fold the protein into 3D shape

Question 19

when and how are glycoproteins and lipoproteins created

Answer 19

may happen when the golgi body rceieves proteins form the RER

glycoproteins are formed when sugar is added to the protein

lipoproteins are formed when a lipid is added to the protein

Question 20

How does water move into the plant cells of vacuoles

Answer 20

osmosis

Question 21

Chlamydomonas are classified into Kingdom Protista, Phylum Chlorophyta. Each cell has a cell wall made of a complex molecule called glycoprotein.

In what way is this cell wall not typical of a true plant cell?

Answer 21

Plant cell walls are made of cellulose, not glycoprotein.

Question 22

purpose of membrane bound organelles

Answer 22

orangelles need membranes to make sure all cells carry out functions properly and to act as a protceitve barrier

Question 23

why is it dangerous for lysosomes to not have a cell membrane

Answer 23

digestive enzymes would digest the whole cell