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VCE BIO AOS 1 OUTCOME 1 > Basic knowledge > Flashcards

Basic knowledge Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

describe the prokaryotes’ characteristics including the shape of DNA, membrane-bound or not, unicellular or multicellular, where is the DNA located, how it is reproduced and whether it has a cell wall or membrane

A

Unicellular

No membrane bound organelles

Circular DNA floats in the cytoplasm as there is no nucleus to store the DNA.

Division through binary fission

Has a cell wall and cell membrane
one circuluar chromosone and many small plasmids

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2
Q

describe the eukaryotes’ characteristics including the shape of DNA and where it is stored, membrane-bound or not, unicellular or multicellular, how it is reproduced and whether it has a cell wall or membrane, what is evolved from and whether the shape of its chrosomes and plasmids

A

Can be unicellular or multicellular-generally multicellular

Membrane bound organelles

Linear DNA stored in the nucleus

Reproduced through mitosis

Linear chrosomes

Made from Prokaryotes

only has a cell membrane but there is one exception: plants have both a cell wall and memebrane

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3
Q

prokaryotic example

A

bacteria

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4
Q

eukaryotic example

A

animals, plants, fungi, protists

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5
Q

types of prokaryotic kingdoms

A

archea
bacteria

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6
Q

types of eukaryotes kingdoms

A

Animalia
fungi
plantae
Protista

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7
Q

describe the types eukaryotes kingdoms characteristics including what they contain to produce protein, what DNA is copied into and where it is found

A

Contains the genetic information
to produce proteins

DNA is copied into mRNA-process is known as transcription

Found in eukaryotes

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8
Q

describe the characteristics of smooth Endoplasmic reticulum such as what it does, what it creates and the shape, whether it has ribosomes and whether its connected to the nucleus or not

A

transports substances around the cell

where lipids are created eg. cholesterol, , phospholipids, steroid hormones

Tube shaped, no ribosomes and not connected to the nucleus

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9
Q

describe Rough Endoplasmic reticulum characteristics including whether ribosomes, whether its connected to the nucleus or not, what it is involved in and its shape.

A

ribosomes

connected to the nucelus

Involved in the production and
modification of proteins

shaped like sacs

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10
Q

function of endoplasmic reticulum

A

modifies proteins and sends it to the golgi body

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11
Q

describe the characterisics of Ribosomes including where it is found, whether it is an organelle and how it is involved in the production of protein.

A

Found freely in cytosol or
attached to rough ER.

Not classified as an organelle

Involved in the production of
protein by adding
amino acids together to form a
polypeptide chain

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12
Q

ribosome function

A

where protein is made

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13
Q

describe Mitochondria characterisics including it’s membranes, what it is the site of, what it produces and what of its own does it contain

A

has 2 memebranes( an inner and outer memebrane)

Site of aerobic cellular
respiration

produces ATP

Contain their own DNA
(mtDNA) and ribosomes

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14
Q

describe the Chloroplasts charactetricitcs inlcuindg membranes, why it uses light energy and what of its own does it contain

A

2 memebrane(inner and outer)

Uses light energy to produce glucose for photosytehnsis

Contain own
ribosomes and DNA

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15
Q

what does chloroplast

A

where photosythensis occurs

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16
Q

what does the Golgi Apparatus

A

modifies,packages, stores and transfers proteins into vesicles before the proteins are removed from the cell.

17
Q

describe the Golgi Apparatus characterisitics including what the flattened stacked sacs do to proteins, and why proteins are packaged into vesicles

A

proteins are packaged and modified by the flattened sacs

Proteins are packaged into
vesicles to be transport around the
cell.

18
Q

what does the Vesicle do

A

stores substances within a cell or is involved in transporting substances in or out of the cell and between organelles

19
Q

describe what Lysosomes are, what they are involved in and what they are important for

A

is Vesicle containing digestive
enzymes

Involved in digesting waste and
foreign material

Important in phagocytosis of
bacteria or apoptosis
(programmed cell death)

20
Q

describe what a Vacuole is and what they play a role in

A

A membrane bound sac that stores water and nutrients

Play a role in maintaining
structure in plant cells

20
Q

what does a cell wall do

A

Provides strength and
structure to cells

21
Q

what does a cell membrane do

A

separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.

22
Q

Why are cells made to be small?

A

To be able to exchange nutrients like glucose,
oxygen, carbon dioxide for cellular repair, growth
and reproduction

To maintain the internal environment (pH, water,
the concentration of ions)

To make intracellular transport of molecules faster

23
Q

why are smaller cells more efficent

A

due to a larger
surface area to volume ratio

24
Q

what happens when the The greater the surface area and smaller the volume

A

the
faster in the exchange of materials

25
Q

the 3 domains

A

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

26
Q

what is ytoplasm

A

A jelly like substance eg.cystol that substances float on

27
Q

what is DNA and what does it do

A

is the genetic material of the cell that a sends out instructions to create proteins and controls all of the cell’s functions

28
Q

2 domains

A

Eukarya and Prokarya

29
Q

Difference between domains and kingdoms

A

domains are a larger classifications than kingdoms

30
Q

what quailties suggest something is alive

A

they maintain a set temperature(maintian equlibrium)
move
grow
excrete
respire
sense
extract nutrients

31
Q

difference in chrosomes and plamisds for eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

prokaryotes have a single circula chromosome and many plasmids

eukaryotes have mutiple linear chromosomes

32
Q

what role does cyostkeleton play

A

Structurally supports and gives shape to a cell. Moves the cell and its components.

33
Q

atomic mass of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogren, phophosrus, oxygen and sulfur

A

hydrogne-1
carbon-12
nitrogen-14
phosophoorus-31
oxygen-16
sulfur-16

34
Q

do plant cells have lysosomes

A

no

35
Q

can a cell grow to thte size of a football

A

no because the cell would no longer e effiecent as there would be a small surface area to volume ratio meaning the cell would be unable to absorb nutrients and remove waste

36
Q

what did you notice about the depth of the clear part generalyy for all the cubes

A

the rate was the same and all the cubes had an area of clear jelly

37
Q

describe the rate of diffusion aomgnst all 4cubes

A

the rate of diffusion is the exact same as the termpeatures andcocnetration are all the same

38
Q

what does staphylo, strepto and cocci.

A

staphylo means in bunches
strepto is in chains
cocci are ball shaped

VCE BIO AOS 1 OUTCOME 1 (8 decks)

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