6

Question 1

passive transport

Answer 1

passive net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lowconcentration.

Question 2

What can diffuse through the cell membrane

Answer 2

Small non polar substances, hydrophobic and uncharged substances

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

the passive net water molecules across cell membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

Question 4

what channel does osmosis require

Answer 4

aquaporins

Question 5

aquaporins

Answer 5

type of channel protein required for osmosis to transport water across the cell membrane

Question 5

why does osmosis require aquaporins

Answer 5

If water tried to pass the cell membrane it would not pass through as it would repel the hydrophobic tails because water is polar.

Question 6

How long does osmosis happen

Answer 6

continues as long as there is a semi permeable membrane, however when the equilibrium is reached there is no net movement of water

Question 7

Isotonic solution

Answer 7

same solute concentration is the same inside the cell as it is outside of the cell

Question 8

Hypotonic solutio

Answer 8

lower solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell

Question 9

Hypertonic solution

Answer 9

higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell

Question 10

haemolysis

Answer 10

when Water enters an animal cell causing it to swell enough to rupture the cell membrane in of a hypotonic solute,
the cell is said to be in a state of haemolyiss or is lysed

Question 11

turgid

Answer 11

when water enters the plant cell in hypotonic solutions and causes the vacuole to expand and to squeeze the cytoplasm against the cell wall, hence the cell is said to be turgid

Question 12

Crenation

Answer 12

when Water moves out of the cell causing the cell to shrink and crinkle in hypertonic solutions

Question 13

plasmolysis

Answer 13

Water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink - The cell wall maintains cell shape the cell in hypertonic solutions

Question 14

what happens in isotonic solutions

Answer 14

In both animal cells and plant cell Water moves into and out of the cell at the same rate and no net movement in/our ofcell

Question 15

what happens in Hypotonic solution

Answer 15

In animal cells
Water enters the cell causing it to swell enough to rupture the cell membrane, the cell is said to be lysed

In plant cells, Water enters the cell and passes into the vacuole causing vacuole swells and squeezes the cytoplasm against the cell wall the cell hence, is said to be turgid

Question 16

What happens in Hypertonic solution

Answer 16

In animal cells, crenation-
Water moves out of the cell causing the cell to shrink and crinkle

In plant cells, the cell goes into a state of plasmolysis as water leaves the cell but the cell maintains its shape because of the cell wall

Question 17

Active transport

Answer 17

The active net movement of a substance with the use ATP from an an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Question 18

How does active tranposrt take place

Answer 18

Membrane transport proteins use energy from ATP to move molecules or ions against the concentration gradient

Question 19

main source of celluar energy in active transprot and why

Answer 19

ATP because it powers almost all the porcesses within a cell and acts as fuel for the membrane transport proteins to pump ions against the concetration gradient

Question 20

Bulk transport

Answer 20

Bulk transport is the movement of large particles in and out of a cell

Question 20

What happens in endocytosis

Answer 20

endocytosis captures substances or particles by engulfing them and bringing them into the cell.

Question 21

the types of endocytosis

Answer 21

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Question 22

Phagocytosis

Answer 22

endocytosis of solid substances eg. food

Question 23

pinocytosis

Answer 23

endocytosis of liquids common in animal cells as it brings nutrient rich extracellular fluid into cell)

Question 24

membrane vesicles that hold large molecules are formed by

Answer 24

golgi body

Question 25

Exocytosis takes place to

Answer 25

secrete waste from the cell to relocate some of the substances produced in cells (e.g. hormones, mucus, milk proteins and digestive enzymes) elsewhere in the body.

Question 26

differecne between passive and active trnaposrt

Answer 26

passive transport does not require ATP whilst active trnapsort does

Question 27

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 27

the passive net movement of molecules across the plasma membrane through transport proteins from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

Question 28

What do the protein molecules embedded in the plasma membrane do

Answer 28

allow for passive transport these proteins are used to transport small polar substances and hydrophilic substances as they are unable to diffuse throguh the membrane by themselves

Question 29

Why does facilated diffusion not use ATP

Answer 29

it is a type of passive transport

Question 29

what proteins aid in faciliated diffusion

Answer 29

channel and carrier proteins

Question 30

describe the passage ways of channel proteins andwhat diffuses through them

Answer 30

Narrow passageways through which water molecules and ion diffuse rapidly from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high soluteconcentraiton

Question 31

describe what carrier proteins bind to, what they do to their shape and what they do

Answer 31

Bind to specific molecules on one side of the membrane, change shape and release the substance on the other side can diffuse rapidly from a high ion concentration to a lower ion concentration.

Question 32

types of passive transport

Answer 32

facilitated diffusion osmosis simple diffusion

Question 33

Types of active transport

Answer 33

active transport bulk transport-endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 34

What soultion has no net movement

Answer 34

istonic soultion

Question 35

what istonic solution does a plantcell have

Answer 35

flaccid

Question 36

What is the difference between simple and facilated diffusion

Answer 36

Their identical EXCEPT facilicated diffusion requires channel and carrier proteins

Question 37

What is a type of facilated diffusion

Answer 37

osmosis as it requires a channel protein

Question 38

why does active transport require ATP

Answer 38

active transport goes against the concentration gradient does not need to maintain equilbirum requires channel and carrier proteins

Question 39

What organelle does active transport require

Answer 39

mitochondria

Question 40

Explain how the cell size changes in endocyotosis and excoytosis

Answer 40

in endocytosis the cell size decreases in exocytosis the cell size increases

Question 41

Types of endocytosis

Answer 41

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Question 42

what happens in phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Answer 42

in phagocytosis a solid is engulfed, whilts in pinocytosis a liquid is engulfed

Question 43

simple diffusion

Answer 43

movement of molecuels frm an area of high concetraiton to anrea of low concentration through a semi permable membrnae

Question 44

what are examples of bulk transport

Answer 44

endo and exocyostis

Question 44

what are examples of bulk transport

Answer 44

endo and exocyostis

Question 45

process of endocytsosis

Answer 45

1.Folding of the plasma membrane 2.Vesicle forms around molecules being transported 3.Contents released within the cell

Question 45

process of exocytosis

Answer 45

1.Molecules enclosed in a vesicle 2.Vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane 3.Contents released

Question 46

how do hydrobic molecules move through the plasma membrnae

Answer 46

diffusion

Question 47

hydropholic head

Answer 47

protects the hydrobic tails from exposure extracelluar and intercelluar fluid makes up the phospholipid bilayer

Question 48

hydrophobic tails

Answer 48

prevents the entry of hydrophilic and polar substances makes up hte phospohlipid bilayer

Question 49

What is the function of cholesterol in cell membranes

Answer 49

when the temperature increases above normal, the cholesterol holds the phospholipids bilayer together which ensures that the cell membrane remains intact and does not break apart. when the temperature decreases below normal, the cholesterol ensures that the phospholipids do not pack together too lightly so that there is an exchange of substances across the cell.

Question 50

excyotosis

Answer 50

the bulk transport of molecules out of a cell

Question 51

endocytosis

Answer 51

bulk transport into the cell