Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

year three - paediatrics > Necrotising Enterocolitis > Flashcards

Necrotising Enterocolitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)?

A

It is defined as a surgical emergency, in which acute bowel inflammation results in necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common surgical emergency in the neonatal period?

A

Necrotising Enterocolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the pathophysiological cause of necrotising enterocolitis?

A

There is damage to the intestinal mucosa due to vascular insults, toxin exposure, infection or genetic factors

This damage allows pathogenic colonisation of normal commensal bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the pathophysiological consequence of necrotising enterocolitis?

A

It can lead to bowel perforation, peritonitis and ultimately septic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What seven risk factors are associated with necrotising enterocolitis?

A

Premature < 32 Weeks

Low Birth Weight

Formula Feeding

Enteral Feeding

Respiratory Distress

Congenital Heart Disease

Antibiotic Administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When does necrotising enterocolitis tend to present?

A

A corrected gestational age of 30 – 33 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the seven clincial features of necrotising enterocolitis?

A

Feeding Intolerance

Green Bile Vomiting

Abdominal Distension

Abdominal Tenderness

Palpable Abdominal Mass

Reduced Bowel Sounds

Haematochezia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is haematochezia?

A

It is defined as the presence of fresh blood in stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What four investigations are used to diagnsoe necrotising enterocolitis?

A

Blood Tests

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Abdominal Ultrasound Scans

Abdominal X-Rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What four blood test results indicate necrotising enterocolitis?

A

Decreased Neutrophil Levels

Decreased Platelet Levels

Increased CRP Levels

Positive Blood Culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What three ABG features indicate necrotising enterocolitis?

A

Decreased pH Levels

Increased Bicarbonate Levels

Increased Lactate Levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When are abdominal ultrasound scans used to diagnose necrotising enterocolitis?

A

They are the first line investigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three features of necrotising enterocolitis on abdominal ultrasound scans?

A

Portal System Air Bubbles

Abdominal Ascites

Bowel Perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the gold standard investigation used to diagnose necrotising enterocolitis?

A

Abdominal X-Rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the seven features of necrotising enterocolitis on abdominal x-rays?

A

Dilated Bowel Loops

Thickened Bowel Wall

Pneumatosis Intestinalis

Portal Venous Gas

Pneumoperitoneum

Rigler Sign

Football Sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pneumatosis intestinalis?

A

It is defined as the presence of gas in the bowel wall

17
Q

What is pneumoperitoneum? What does it indicate in necrotising enterocolitis?

A

It is defined as the presence of free gas in the peritoneal cavity

Bowel Perforation

18
Q

What is Rigler sign?

A

It is when both sides of the bowel wall are visble

It occurs when there is presence of gas inside the bowel lumen and within the peritoneal cavity

19
Q

What is the football sign?

A

It is when air outlines the falciform ligament

20
Q

What is the most appropriate management option in suspected necrotising enterocolitis?

A

Urgent referral to paediatric surgery

21
Q

What are the five immediate management options of necrotising enterocolitis?

A

Nil By Mouth

Total Parenteral Nutrition

Nasogastric Tube Insertion

IV Fluids

IV Antibiotics

22
Q

Name two antibiotics used to manage necrotising enterocolitis

A

Cefotaxime

Metronidazole

23
Q

What is the surgical management option of necrotising enterocolitis?

A

Bowel Laparoscopy

24
Q

When is bowel laparoscopy used to manage necrotising enterocolitis?

A

It is used to manage necrotising enterocolitis, in which bowel perforation development has occurred

25
Q

What is bowel laparoscopy?

A

It involves removal of the perforated and necrotic bowel from the abdomen

26
Q

What are the six complications used to manage necrotising enterocolitis?

A

Bowel Perforation

Peritonitis

Septic Shock

Short Bowel Syndrome

Bowel Strictures

Bowel Abscess

year three - paediatrics (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions