Autism Spectrum Disorder Flashcards
What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
It is defined as a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by abnormal social interaction, communication and restricted, repetitive behaviours
Describe the autism spectrum
The DSM-5 criteria combined autism disorder and Asperger’s syndrome into autism disorder, suggesting that the same disorder was responsible for the features of the condition and those affected fall somewhere along the spectrum
On one end of the spectrum, individuals have normal intelligence and ability to function everyday life however display difficulties with reading emotions and responding to others – previously known as Asperger’s syndrome. On the other end of the spectrum, individuals can be severely affected and unable to function in normal environments – previously known as autism disorder
What are the eight risk factors assoicated with autism spectrum disorder?
Male Gender
Family History
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
Epilepsy
Infantile Spasms
Congenital Rubella
Tuberous Sclerosis
Fragile X Syndrome
What are the three genes associated with autism spectrum disorder?
PTEN gene
MeCP gene
CNV gene
At what age do autism clincial features tend to be evident?
3 years old
What are the three main clincial features of autism spectrum disorder?
Impaired Social Interaction
Impaired Communication
Restricted, Repetitive Behaviour
What are the four clincial features of impaired social interaction in autism spectrum disorder?
Inability To Form Social Attachments
Inability To Interpret Social Cues
Lack of Response To Other People’s Emotions
Uninterested In Being With Other Children
What are the three clinical features of impaired communication in autism spectrum disorder?
Delayed Language Development
Lack of Non-Verbal Communication
Repetitive Use of Words & Phrases
What are the six clincial features of restricted, repetitive behaviour in autism spectrum disorder?
Stereotyped, Repetitive Movements
Resistance To Change With A Rigid Daily Routine
Anxiety With Experiences Outside Their Normal Routine
Inability To Adapt To New Environments
Intensive Interests In Objects, Numbers or Patterns
Restricted Food Preferences
How is a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder obtained?
A clinical assessment should be conducted by a paediatric psychiatrist
There should be evidence of deficits occurring across all three aforementioned domains: social interaction, communication and behaviour
What are the two diagnostic tools used to diagnose autism spectrum disorder?
Diagnostic Interview for Social & Communication Disorders (DISCO)
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)
What are the five aims of autism spectrum disorder management?
To increase functional independence and quality of life through…
- Supported learning and development
- Improved social skills
- Improved communication skills
- Decreased disability and comorbidity
- Support to families
What are the five non-pharmacological management options of autism spectrum disorder?
Specialist Education Services
Occupational Therapy
Speech Therapy
Clinical Psychology
Family Counselling
What are the three pharmacological management options of autism spectrum disorder?
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Antipsychotic Drugs
Melatonin
Name four SSRIs used to manage autism spectrum disorder
Sertraline
Fluoxetine
Citalopram
Paroxetine
