neck, throat, thyroid anatomy

Question 1

what structure in the neck needs to be identified to ddx the anterior and posterior triangle

Answer 1

sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 2

Borders of posterior triangle?

Answer 2

SCM, trapezius, clavicle

Question 3

Borders of anterior triangle

Answer 3

SCM, midline, mandible

Question 4

what is the anterior triangle subdivided into

Answer 4

Submandibular
Submental (under chin)
Carotid
Muscular

Question 5

Direction of flow lymphatics

Answer 5

Superficial → deep
Distal → proximal

Question 6

what are the different groups of superficial lymph nodes in the neck

Answer 6

• Submental
• Submandibular
• Preauricular (parotid)
• Occipital
• Post-auricular
• Anterior and posterior cervical lymph nodes
• Supraclavicualr group

Question 7

what are the three salivary glands?

Answer 7

Parotid glands
Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands

Question 8

what normal structures may patients be concerned is a lump?

Answer 8

Transverse process of C1 or C2 vertebra.
Hyoid bone.
Thyroid or cricoid cartilage.
Submandibular glands.

Question 9

at what level is the transverse process of c1 and c2

Answer 9

c1 mastoid process

c2 angle of mandible

Question 10

where is mastoid bone?

Answer 10

behind the ear

Question 11

where is the hyoid bone?

Answer 11

at level of c4

Palpation : light grip whilst neck muscles are relaxed - can move it from side to side

purpose: serve as an attachment structure for the tongue and for muscles in the floor of the oral cavity

Question 12

where is the thyroid gland in relation to thyroid cartilage (laryngeal prominence/adams apple) and the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 12

isthmus of thyroid gland is directly below cricoid cartilage

right and left lobe extend above and below cricoid cartilage

Question 13

what is the adams apple?

Answer 13

The Adam’s apple or laryngeal prominence is the protrusion in the human neck formed by the angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx, typically visible in men, less frequently in women.

Question 14

what is in the pharynx

Answer 14

nasopharynx

oropharynx

hypopharynx

Question 15

what is the hypopharynx?

Answer 15

The hypopharynx extends from the hyoid bone down to the uppermost muscle of the esophagus

The hypopharynx is the lower part of the throat (pharynx) that lies right behind your larynx. The hypopharynx is the entrance into the esophagus

Question 16

what is the larynx?

Answer 16

entry into the trachea

supraglottis
glottis
hypoglottis

contains the vocal folds