Neck muscles and blood supply of the head and neck

Question 1

What neck muscle is also involved in facial expression

Answer 1

Platysma

Question 2

Describe the sternocleidomastoid muscles in terms of origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 2

origin: sternum and clavicle
insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone

action:

• contraction of both= flexes vertebrae so chin approaches the sternum (manubrium) and extends the head
• contraction of one=flexes the neck laterally and rotates head in opposite direction

innervation: CN 11 (accessory)

Question 3

Describe the scalene muscle group in terms of attachment, action and innervation

Answer 3

attach cervical vertebrae to the uppermost ribs

action: flex, laterally flex and rotate the head. These muscles are used in forced inspiration
innervated: cervical spina; nerves C3-C8

Question 4

Besides the sternocleidomastoid what other major neck muscle does CN11 innervate

Answer 4

the trapezius

Question 5

What are the 2 groups of muscles are associated with the anterior aspect of the neck and the hyoid bones and what are there general function

Answer 5

suprahyoid muscles and the infrahyoid muscles

stabilize the hyoid bone

Question 6

What is the action of the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 6

elevate the hyoid bone, floor of the oral cavity and tongue during swallowing

Question 7

What is the action of the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 7

depress the hyoid bone, and some move the larynx during swallowing and speech

Question 8

Describe the structure and function of the hyoid bone

Answer 8

Structure= U shaped bone with lesser and greater horns that is suspended by a ligament and muscle from the skull
-articulates w/ no other bone of the body

Function= supports the tongue and provides attachment for the tongue, neck and pharyngeal muscles

Question 9

Describe the deep posterior neck muscles of the suboccipital region

Answer 9

Composed of 4 small muscles in a triangular region just inferior to the occipital region of the skull

• rectus capitis posterior major
• rectus capitis posterior minor
• superior obliques capitis
• inferior obliques capitis

Postural muscles of the neck causing flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation

These are the muscles that can cause headache when looking down at computer for too long

Question 10

What arteries branch from the subclavians and transverse the foramina of the cervical vertebrae

Answer 10

the vertebral arteries

Question 11

Where does the union of the vertebral arteries occur, what artery does it make, where does this artery enter the skull, and what are of the brain does it supply

Answer 11

Combine on the ventral surface of the pons

Form the basilar artery

Enters through the foramen magnum

Supplies posterior, inferior brain

Question 12

Describe where the R and L common carotids branch from

Answer 12

L from the aortic arch

R from the brachiocephalic trunk

Question 13

What are the 2 branches off the common carotid and what areas do they supply

Answer 13

Internal carotids= supplies eyeballs and part of the brain

External carotids = supplies structures external to the skull

Question 14

What is the function of the arterial circle of willis, what 3 arteries does it combine, and what structures combines the arteries

Answer 14

Connects the posterior and anterior blood supplies of the brain, which allows for alternative pathways for blood to flow in the event of a blockage

Composed of the basilar artery and the L and R internal carotids

The anterior and posterior communicating arteries is what connects the basilar artery and the L and R internal carotids

Question 15

What 7 arteries branch off the external carotid

Answer 15

7 Angry Ladies Fighting Over PMS

Ascending  pharngeal
Lingual 
Facial
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Maxillary artery 
Superficial Temporal

Question 16

What 3 arteries branch off the facial arery

Answer 16

1. mental artery
2. inferior labial artery
3. superior labial artery

Question 17

What 2 major veins drain blood from the head

Answer 17

1. internal jugular

2. external jugular

Question 18

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain

Answer 18

Into the internal jugular

Question 19

Where does the thoracic lymph duct drain, and what parts of the body does it collect lymph from

Answer 19

Drains into junction between L internal jugular and L subclavian vein

Areas drain= L side of upper body and all of lower limbs

Question 20

Where does the R lymphatic duct drain, and what parts of the body does it collect lymph from

Answer 20

Drains into junction between R internal jugular and R subclavian vein

Areas drain= R side of upper body