Neck development Flashcards

sangeetha

1
Q

how many pairs of pharyngeal pouches and clefts are present in 5 week embryo

A

4 pairs of clefts and 5 pouches but the last is often considered as part of 4th

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2
Q

what are the three tissue layers surrounding the pharyngeal arches

A
  • outer ( ectoderm)
    -inner( endoderm)
  • between them is mesenchyme and ectomesenchyme
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3
Q

what does the 1st pharyngeal cleft give rise to

A

EAM

contributes to tympanic membrane(eardrum): the 1st cleft forms the outer layer( ectodermal)

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4
Q

what happens to 2nd 3rd 4th clefts

A

2nd pharyngeal arch proliferates and overlaps them and form a space lined by epithelium and eventually lose contact with outside forming a cervical sinus

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5
Q

what happens to cervical sinus during development and what can its remnants cause

A

it will disappear but the remnants can lead to formation of lateral cervical cyst in childhood

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6
Q

what can result from failure of cervical sinus to disappear

A

pathological conditions such as cysts and fistulas

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7
Q

what do the pharyngeal arches give rise to

A

imp organs and and structures during development

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8
Q

what does the 1st pharyngeal pouch give rise to

A

proximal part forms Eustachian tube( auditory tube)

distal portion forms middle ear cavity

contributes to the tympanic membrane : forms inner layer ( endodermal) of eardrum

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9
Q

what does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch give rise to

A

it forms palatine tonsil and by the 3rd to 5th months the tonsil is infiltrated by lymphatic tissue

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10
Q

what does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch give rise to

A

dorsal wing forms : inferior parathyroid
ventral wing forms: thymus

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11
Q

what happens when the thymus migrates to thorax

A

the thymus will pull the inferior parathyroid gland with it and parathyroid rests on dorsal surface of thyroid gland

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12
Q

what does the 4th pharyngeal pouch give rise to

A

the epithelium forms the superior parathyroid gland and this gland attaches to the migrating thyroid and is located on dorsal surface of thyroid gland

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13
Q

what does the 5th pharyngeal pouch give rise to

A

ultimobranchial body which is incorporated into thyroid gland and gives rise to C-cells that will secrete CALCITONIN

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14
Q

when does the thyroid gland begin to develop

A

thyroid gland is the 1st endocrine gland to develop around the 4th week of intrauterine life

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15
Q

what is the origin of the thyroid gland

A

so it involves endodermal cells proliferating in the floor of primitive pharynx area at the foramen cecum

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16
Q

how is the thyroid gland development related to the 2nd pouch as the ppt mentioned

A

because the thyroid gland develops near the 2nd pouch but does not originate from it

17
Q

role of foramen cecum in the early embryonic development

A

marks the origin point of the thyroid gland

18
Q

how does the thyroid gland initially form

A

the gland forms as a bilobed diverticulum that descends in front of the pharyngeal gut

19
Q

where does the thyroid gland migrate during development

A

migrates in front of hyoid bone and the laryngeal cartilages

20
Q

what is the thyroglossal duct and what its significance

A

connects thyroid gland to the tongue during migration but later degenerates as the gland reaches its final position

21
Q

what is the final position of thyroid gland by week 7 of embryonic development

A

positioned anterior to the trachea and it got median isthmus separating two lateral lobes

22
Q

what is a thyroglossal cyst

A

its a remnant of thyroglossal duct

23
Q

where can thyroglossal cyst be found

A

at any point along the pathway from foramen cecum to neck where thyroid gland descends

24
Q

what are the symptoms of thyroglossal cyst

A

a midline neck mass that is movable and can become infected

25
what is ectopic thyroid gland
when the thyroid gland is located outside its normal position often as lingual thyroid at base of the tongue
26
how does the ectopic thyroid gland develop
develops when the thyroid fails to descend from the tongue area
27
what conditions can affect an ectopic thyroid gland
can be subjected to the same diseases as the normal thyroid gland including hypothyroidism and tumors
28
what should be considered with any swelling at base of tongue
start with thyroid investigations to excludes possibility of lingual thyroid
29
what is cervical thyroid
is a rare condition resulting from incomplete descent of thyroid gland seen in the neck at or just below hyoid bone
30
what does the central swelling is often related to
to thyroid gland its structures , including conditions like like thyroglossal cysts , ectopic thyroid and thyroid enlargement " goiter"
31
what does the lateral swelling often related to
associated with cervical structures such as cervical thyroid, branchial cleft cysts, fistulas or sinuses
32
from which pharyngeal arches do auricles of external ear (pinna) originate
from total of 6 hillocks 3 from 1st pharyngeal arch 3 from 2nd pharyngeal arch they fuse to give us the final form of pinna
33
how is the external auditory meatus formed
develops from the 1st pharyngeal cleft
34
what is the origin of tympanic membrane
- ectodermal ( from 1st pharyngeal cleft ) forms outer layer -endodermal (from 1st pharyngeal pouch) forms inner layer
35
which pharyngeal arch give rise to ossicles
-malleus and incus from 1st arch -stapes from 2nd arch
36
what structures of internal ear are derived from otic placodes
internal ear structures , including the saccule , cochlea, and organ of corti
37
middle ear structures are what and derived from where
we have tympanic cavity ( endodermal) and auditory tube ( eustachian tube ) from 1st pouch