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DHS2🎐 > Neck development > Flashcards

Neck development Flashcards

sangeetha

1
Q

how many pairs of pharyngeal pouches and clefts are present in 5 week embryo

A

4 pairs of clefts and 5 pouches but the last is often considered as part of 4th

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2
Q

what are the three tissue layers surrounding the pharyngeal arches

A
  • outer ( ectoderm)
    -inner( endoderm)
  • between them is mesenchyme and ectomesenchyme
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3
Q

what does the 1st pharyngeal cleft give rise to

A

EAM

contributes to tympanic membrane(eardrum): the 1st cleft forms the outer layer( ectodermal)

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4
Q

what happens to 2nd 3rd 4th clefts

A

2nd pharyngeal arch proliferates and overlaps them and form a space lined by epithelium and eventually lose contact with outside forming a cervical sinus

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5
Q

what happens to cervical sinus during development and what can its remnants cause

A

it will disappear but the remnants can lead to formation of lateral cervical cyst in childhood

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6
Q

what can result from failure of cervical sinus to disappear

A

pathological conditions such as cysts and fistulas

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7
Q

what do the pharyngeal arches give rise to

A

imp organs and and structures during development

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8
Q

what does the 1st pharyngeal pouch give rise to

A

proximal part forms Eustachian tube( auditory tube)

distal portion forms middle ear cavity

contributes to the tympanic membrane : forms inner layer ( endodermal) of eardrum

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9
Q

what does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch give rise to

A

it forms palatine tonsil and by the 3rd to 5th months the tonsil is infiltrated by lymphatic tissue

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10
Q

what does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch give rise to

A

dorsal wing forms : inferior parathyroid
ventral wing forms: thymus

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11
Q

what happens when the thymus migrates to thorax

A

the thymus will pull the inferior parathyroid gland with it and parathyroid rests on dorsal surface of thyroid gland

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12
Q

what does the 4th pharyngeal pouch give rise to

A

the epithelium forms the superior parathyroid gland and this gland attaches to the migrating thyroid and is located on dorsal surface of thyroid gland

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13
Q

what does the 5th pharyngeal pouch give rise to

A

ultimobranchial body which is incorporated into thyroid gland and gives rise to C-cells that will secrete CALCITONIN

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14
Q

when does the thyroid gland begin to develop

A

thyroid gland is the 1st endocrine gland to develop around the 4th week of intrauterine life

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15
Q

what is the origin of the thyroid gland

A

so it involves endodermal cells proliferating in the floor of primitive pharynx area at the foramen cecum

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16
Q

how is the thyroid gland development related to the 2nd pouch as the ppt mentioned

A

because the thyroid gland develops near the 2nd pouch but does not originate from it

17
Q

role of foramen cecum in the early embryonic development

A

marks the origin point of the thyroid gland

18
Q

how does the thyroid gland initially form

A

the gland forms as a bilobed diverticulum that descends in front of the pharyngeal gut

19
Q

where does the thyroid gland migrate during development

A

migrates in front of hyoid bone and the laryngeal cartilages

20
Q

what is the thyroglossal duct and what its significance

A

connects thyroid gland to the tongue during migration but later degenerates as the gland reaches its final position

21
Q

what is the final position of thyroid gland by week 7 of embryonic development

A

positioned anterior to the trachea and it got median isthmus separating two lateral lobes

22
Q

what is a thyroglossal cyst

A

its a remnant of thyroglossal duct

23
Q

where can thyroglossal cyst be found

A

at any point along the pathway from foramen cecum to neck where thyroid gland descends

24
Q

what are the symptoms of thyroglossal cyst

A

a midline neck mass that is movable and can become infected

25
Q

what is ectopic thyroid gland

A

when the thyroid gland is located outside its normal position often as lingual thyroid at base of the tongue

26
Q

how does the ectopic thyroid gland develop

A

develops when the thyroid fails to descend from the tongue area

27
Q

what conditions can affect an ectopic thyroid gland

A

can be subjected to the same diseases as the normal thyroid gland including hypothyroidism and tumors

28
Q

what should be considered with any swelling at base of tongue

A

start with thyroid investigations to excludes possibility of lingual thyroid

29
Q

what is cervical thyroid

A

is a rare condition resulting from incomplete descent of thyroid gland seen in the neck at or just below hyoid bone

30
Q

what does the central swelling is often related to

A

to thyroid gland its structures , including conditions like like thyroglossal cysts , ectopic thyroid and thyroid enlargement β€œ goiter”

31
Q

what does the lateral swelling often related to

A

associated with cervical structures such as cervical thyroid, branchial cleft cysts, fistulas or sinuses

32
Q

from which pharyngeal arches do auricles of external ear (pinna) originate

A

from total of 6 hillocks
3 from 1st pharyngeal arch
3 from 2nd pharyngeal arch
they fuse to give us the final form of pinna

33
Q

how is the external auditory meatus formed

A

develops from the 1st pharyngeal cleft

34
Q

what is the origin of tympanic membrane

A
  • ectodermal ( from 1st pharyngeal cleft ) forms outer layer
    -endodermal (from 1st pharyngeal pouch) forms inner layer
35
Q

which pharyngeal arch give rise to ossicles

A

-malleus and incus from 1st arch
-stapes from 2nd arch

36
Q

what structures of internal ear are derived from otic placodes

A

internal ear structures , including the saccule , cochlea, and organ of corti

37
Q

middle ear structures are what and derived from where

A

we have tympanic cavity ( endodermal) and auditory tube ( eustachian tube ) from 1st pouch

DHS2🎐 (8 decks)

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