Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DHS2🎐 > EMBRYOLOGY > Flashcards

EMBRYOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

define embryology

A

study of embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

another term for embryology

A

study of prenatal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

prenatal is divided into

A

embryology state and fetal stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1st week from week 2-8 after fertilization is called?

A

embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

after week 8 which is week 9 we call it?

A

fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

from week 0-8 its called?

A

embryology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define ontogeny

A

state of development , healthy and normal individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define teratology

A

due to malformation , abnormal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

meiosis is for

A

gamet cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mitosis is for

A

somatic cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in meiosis its 1 diploid cell undergoes how many rounds of division and produces how many cells

A

undergoes 2 rounds to produce 4 haploid cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in meiosis is the 4 haploid cells similar to the mother cell

A

no due to the cross over that happens in prophase I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in mitosis its 1 diploid cell undergoes how many rounds of division and produces how many cells

A

undergoes 1 round to produce 2 diploid cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in mitosis is the 2 diploid cells similar to the mother cell

A

yes but smaller in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define gametogenesis

A

formation and development of the sperm and ovum and reduction in number of chromosomes from diploid 46 to haploid 23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define primary germ cell

A

early precursor undifferentiated cells that eventually migrate to the gonads and differentiate into gametes (sperm or eggs) through meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

zygote which is now 46 chromosomes will divide rapidly by which process

A

mitosis to form a mass of 2,4,8,16,32 to infinity until it gives us tissue and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when primary cell become haploid 23 they are known as

A

mature germ cells which is also called gamets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in gametogenesis we have change in shape of primary germ cells what change takes in sperm and ovum

A

Sperm: Develops from a round cell into a streamlined, motile cell with a head, midpiece, and tail, designed for mobility and fertilization.
ovum: Remains large and round, optimizing for nutrient storage and support of the early embryo, with no structures for movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define phenotype

A

traits, which result from interaction of genotype with environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where does the sperm contact the ovum to form a zygote

A

uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

zygote is also known as

A

fertilized ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how can the sperm enter the ovum

A

the sperm head contains acrosomes which is basically lysosomes which will penetrate the ovum membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

define induction

A

one group of cells influences the development of another group of cells

25
define genotype
specific set of genes an individual carries
26
define competence
the ability of cell to respond to signals
27
what happens if the cell is not responding to the signals which means it isn't competent
differentiation wont occur in order for it to occur we need induction and competence
28
define morula
solid ball of cells resulting from early divisions of zygote
29
define blastocyst
morula develops into blastocyst which has a fluid filled cavity and begins to implant to uterine wall due to trophoblast cuz it got enzymes
30
blastocyst has two main structures
Embryoblast: Becomes the embryo and eventually forms all the tissues and organs of the body. Trophoblast: Contributes to the formation of the placenta, which supports and nourishes the developing embryo.
31
there is cavity filled with fluid in blastula from where does the fluid comes from
this fluid seeps inside from the uterine wall
32
why is the morula known as undifferentiated totipotent cells
cells of the morula are considered undifferentiated because they have not yet begun to specialize, and they are totipotent because each cell has the potential to develop into a complete organism
33
whys is blastocyst differentiated and pluripotent
cells started to differentiate resulting in two distinct cell types: the inner cell mass (pluripotent, forms the embryo) and the trophoblast (specialized, forms the placenta) and inner cell mass cells are pluripotent because they can form almost any cell type in the body but are no longer capable of forming an entire organism, including the placenta.
34
1st week of development ends with
the implantation of blastocyst into the endometrium of uterus and this process involves the blastocyst embedding itself into the uterine lining, causing localized damage to the endometrium
35
what happens in the 2nd week
the bilaminar embryo forms which is characterized by the presence of two distinct layers derived from the inner cell mass (embryoblast) of the blastocyst the layers are called epiblast and hypoblast
36
epiblast is
columnar cells and will give us ectoderm
37
hypoblast is
squamous cells and will give us endoderm
38
what makes mesoderm
in week 3 the epiblast will migrate towards the primitive streak and gives us mesoderm
39
what happens when you got the 2 layers which is epiblast and hypoblast
when you have these two layers we will divide the yolk sac into two sacs called AMNIOTIC AND SECONDARY YOLK SAC and this is in week 2
40
define gastrulation
the formation of the 3 germ layers beginning of morphogenesis
41
why is primitive streak important
it divides the embryo into right and left
42
what is the name of the gene which is important in gastrulation
BMP imp for morphogenesis of embryo
43
formation of neural crest cells
group of cells that arise from ectoderm and migrate to various parts of embryo to form diff tissues EXCEPT ENAMEL
44
what induces the formation of the neural plate
notochord (a structure derived from mesoderm) induces the overlying ectoderm to thicken and form the neural plate.
45
define notochord
its a primitive spinal cord that will disappear and be replaced by the vertebrate also it gives support to the trilaminar disc
46
define neurulation
is the transformation of neural plate into neural tube
47
steps of neurulation
1- neural plate will fold to form neural groove 2- neural groove will fuse to form neural tube 3- neural tube give rise to brain and spinal cord
48
what are the temporary openings at the ends of the neural tube
cranial neuropore and caudal neuropore
49
neural crest gives rise to
cranial cells and sensory ganglia and nerves sympathetic neurons Schwan cells pigment cells meninges cartilages of branchial arches most of CT of face "ectomesenchyme" EXCEPT ENAMEL
50
why is neural crest imp
for development of face, neck and oral tissues
51
neural crest defects
treacher collins syndrome ( mandibulofacial dysostosis) which underdevelopment of zygomatic bones, small mandible, malformed ears.
52
what is caudal neuropore
end of embryo
53
how many somites as humans we have
44 as humans
54
when does somites disappear
week 4
55
what is cranial neuropore
develop brain
56
when do somites appear
week 3
57
what will give us somite's
through segmentation of paraxial mesoderm
58
what forms paraxial mesoderm
forms through the thickening of the mesoderm on each side of the midline. This thickened mesoderm first organizes into somitomeres, which are precursor structures that later develop into somites.
59
somite's has 3 compartments
sclerotome : 2 adjacent vertebrae and their disks myotome: segmented mass of muscle dermatome: CT of skin overlying somite

DHS2🎐 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions