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DHS2🎐 > Cementumπ™š > Flashcards

Cementumπ™š Flashcards

1
Q

what is the periodontium

A

supporting tissues of teeth which include cementum, PDL, alveolar bone, part og gingiva facing tooth

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2
Q

what is cementum

A

thin layer covering radicular dentin ( root dentin)

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3
Q

cementum is vascular true or false

A

false its avascular

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4
Q

cementum is alympahtic true or false

A

true

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5
Q

cementum is innervated true or false

A

false noninnervated

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6
Q

why is cementum not normally resorbed unlike bone

A

cementum is avascular and has low metabolic rate make it less responsive to resorptive signals

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7
Q

how thick is the cementum

A

thickest: root apex and interradicular areas of multirooted teeth 50-200
thinnest: CEJ 10-50

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8
Q

list functions of cementum

A
  • provides attachment for PDL collagen fibers
  • protects underlying dentin
  • maintains PDL space by apposition of new cementum
    -repairs root fracture by forming new cementum
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9
Q

list the physical properties of cementum

A

-pale yellow with dull surface
-softer than dentin and bone
- more permeable than dentin

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10
Q

how does age affect permeability of cementum

A

the permeability of cementum decreases by age

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11
Q

what is the inorganic and organic composition of cementum

A

inorganic: 45-50% mostly hydroxyapatite crystals
organic : 50-55% ( collagen Type I, non collagenous proteins , and water)

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12
Q

what types of collagen are present in cementum

A

type I,III,XII (traces of V, VI,XIV)

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13
Q

what are the noncollagenous proteins in cementum

A

alkaline phosphatase
bone sialoprotein
fibronectin
other bone proteins

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14
Q

which glycoaminoglycans are found in cementum

A

chondroitin sulfate

heparan sulfate

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15
Q

what are growth factors are associated with cementum

A

insulin like growth factors

cementum derived growth factors

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16
Q

what is the matrix of cementum made of

A

ground substance : water , glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and minerals

hydroxyapaptite crystals: shorter and smaller than enamel

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17
Q

what structural components are present in cementum

A

cells( ex. cementoblast, cementocytes)

fibers ( intrinsic , extrinsic, and mixed )

matrix( ground substance and hydroxyapatite )

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18
Q

where do cementoblasts originate

A

undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells of dental sac

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19
Q

what do cementoblasts secrete and where are they located

A

secrete cementoid ( cementum matrix)

found on the surface of forming cementum

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20
Q

what happens to cementoblasts after they are trapped in matrix

A

they become cementocytes

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21
Q

how do cementocytes get nutrients

A

through their canaliculi which extends towards PDL to get nutrients

22
Q

What are odontoblasts and what is their function

A

resemble osteoclast and originate from monocytes
Resorb dental hard tissues especially during primary tooth replacement

23
Q

what are the 3 types of fibers in cementum

A

Intrinsic fibers : secreted by cementoblasts , run parallel to root surface
Extrinsic fibers : From PDL fibroblast ( sharpeys fibers ) run perpendicular to cementum surface
Mixed fibers : Combination of intrinsic and extrinsic fibers

24
Q

how is cementum classified based on the presence of cells

A

Acellular cementum : No cells , slow formation , first deposited at the DCJ
Cellular cementum : cementocytes , rapidly formed in apical third

25
Q

how is cementum is classified based on time of formation

A

Primary cementum : acellular , covered root near CEj

Secondary cementum : Cellular , located in apical third of root

Reparative

26
Q

whats the difference between acellular and cellular

A

acellular has no cementocytes and its the 1st layer it forms slowly and cellular is last layers which contains cementocytes forms rapidly

27
Q

what is primary cementum and when is it formed

A

first cementum to form usually acellular
formed slowly with mineralized fibers during root formation until teeth come into function covering cervical two third of root

28
Q

what is the new classification name for primary cementum

A

acellular extrinsic fiber cementum

29
Q

what is secondary cementum and when is it formed

A

formed during functioning phase of teeth until exfoliation

compensates for loss of tooth material during mastication

30
Q

what is the new classification name for secondary cementum

A

cellular intrinsic fiber cementum

31
Q

where is secondary cementum found and how is it formed

A

apical third of root and interradicular areas ad forms rapidly making it cellular with cementoid on outer surface

32
Q

what are resting lines in secondary cementum

A

waves or lines seen between new and old cementum due to layered formation

33
Q

what is reparative cementum and when is it formed

A

forms as histological repair of cementum due to trauma or fracture and damaged cementum is removed by odontoclasts and new cementum is laid down by cementoblasts

34
Q

does cementum remodel like bone

A

no, cementum doesn’t undergo continuous remodeling but can repair itself

35
Q

what prevents reparative cementum from forming during ortho treatment

A

excessive orthodontic forces prevent formation of reparative cementum

36
Q

what is afibrillar cementum and where is it found

A

no collagen fibers, thin and acellular
composed of well mineralized ground substance and covers cervical enamel or located between cementum and dentin

37
Q

what is intermediate cementum

A

separates dentin from cementum to protect dentin.

originates from inner enamel epithelium (IEE), contains enamel proteins, and forms the hyaline layer.

38
Q

what structures are part of intermediate cementum

A

Acellular cementum , hyaline layer , Tom’s granular layer , and radicular dentin .

39
Q

what are the three patterns of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), and their percentages

A

Overlap: Cementum overlaps enamel (60%).
Meet: Cementum meets enamel (30%).
Gap: Gap between cementum and enamel (10%)

40
Q

what is cementogenesis

A

Development of cementum from the dental sac after Hertwig’s root sheath disintegration.

Contact between dental sac cells and root dentin induces differentiation into cementoblasts on root surface.

41
Q

how is cementoid formed and mineralized during cementogenesis

A

cementoblasts secrete cementoid over root dentin.

cementoid becomes mineralized to form cementum.

cementoblasts may become entrapped and turn into cementocyte

42
Q

what forms the dentino-cemental junction (DCJ)

A

Apposition of cementum over dentin

43
Q

what are the similarities between cementum and bone

A

Both have a fibrous framework.
Both contain a matrix.
Both have similar crystal shapes.
Developmental processes are alike.

44
Q

what are the differences in inorganic content between cementum and bone

A

Cementum: 45% inorganic calcium.
Bone: 65% inorganic calcium

45
Q

what are the differences in collagen types between cementum and bone

A

Cementum: Type I and III collagen.
Bone: Type I collagen.

46
Q

how does cementum receive nutrition compared to bone

A

Cementum: Avascular, gets nutrition from the periodontal ligament (PDL).
Bone: Vascular, has its own blood supply

47
Q

does cementum have nerves like bone

A

Cementum has no nerves.
Bone contains nerves.

48
Q

what is hypercementosis

A

Increased thickness of cellular cementum.

Seen as an abnormal thickening near the cemento-dentine junction.

49
Q

what is hypophosphatasia and how does it affect cementum

A

A rare genetic disease affecting teeth and bones.

Cementum is sensitive to a lack of Alkaline Phosphatase.

Results in absence of cementum, leading to premature tooth loss.

50
Q

what are enamel pearls, and how do they form

A

Form due to remnants of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath failing to separate from dentin.

Continue secreting enamel, preventing normal root covering by cementum

51
Q

why are enamel pearls clinically significant

A

Can cause bone destruction, inflammation, and periodontal pocket development.

Detected through routine X-rays.
Need surgical removal to ensure proper plaque control

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