Neck

Question 1

Retropharyngeal space

Answer 1

potential space b/w visceral and vertebral compartments important for spread of infection, etc.

Question 2

when you nod “yes” you use what joint? “no”?

Answer 2

atlanto-occipital; atlanto-axial

Question 3

what holds dens of axis against atlas?

Answer 3

transverse cruciate ligament

Question 4

most common ligament injury in whiplash? muscles?

Answer 4

anterior longitudinal. Longus coli and scalenes

Question 5

shortening of one SCM: name, result

Answer 5

torticollis. neck is flexed, laterally bent, turned to opposite side

Question 6

suprahyoid muscles

Answer 6

digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid

Question 7

infrahyoid muscles

Answer 7

omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 8

scalene triangle syndrome (thoracic outlet syndrome)

Answer 8

b/w A and M scalenes. Brachial plexus and subclavian artery get compressed

Question 9

cervical plexus is made up of what cervical nerves

Answer 9

c1-c5

Question 10

what innervates infrahyoid muscles and where does it come from?

Answer 10

ansa cervicalis. cervical plexus. mainly c1

Question 11

two main motor nerves of cervical plexus

Answer 11

ansa cervicalis, phrenic

Question 12

surgery of thyroid and parathyroid endager what nerve? Result?

Answer 12

recurrent laryngeal. Bilateral: cords collapse and obstruct. Unilateral: hoarseness

Question 13

internal and external carotids

Answer 13

internal: dilated at base, straight to brain. External: thyroid, face, ear, etc

Question 14

four neck compartments and their coverings

Answer 14

vertebral=prevertebral, visceral=pretracheal, vascular=carotid sheath, muscular=deep or investing fascia

Question 15

what travels in the carotid sheath

Answer 15

common carotid, internal jugular, vagus

Question 16

what ligament connects the dens to the occipital bone

Answer 16

alar

Question 17

atlantoaxial subluxation

Answer 17

increase in pre-dentate space (distance from ant dens to post border of C1 tubercle); ie, c1 subluxes forward relative to c2

Question 18

intrinsic head and neck extensors, innervation. Flexors?

Answer 18

splenius and transversospinalis, dorsal ramus. Longus coli and scalenes, ventral ramus

Question 19

best place to acces nerve 9 in neck? Internal laryngeal nerve?

Answer 19

b/w superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors. b/w middle and inferior