NDT (Neurodevelopmental Treatment)

Question 1

NDT

NDT was developed by

Answer 1

Berta Bobath and her husband Dr. Karel Bobath

Question 2

NDT

NDT INHIBITION TECHNIQUES

Answer 2

• Vibration
• Maintained pressure
• Traction
• Rhythmic rotation
• Environment
• Speed
• Gravity

Question 3

NDT

Proximal key points of control:

Answer 3

trunk, shoulder, pelvis

Question 4

NDT

in NDT, inhibition MUST be followed by

Answer 4

facilitation

Question 5

NDT principles

NDT sessions provide motivation & purpose to engage the client fully in developing & reinforcing _______

Answer 5

movt responses.

Question 6

✍🏼 NDT

Through therapeutic handling the therapist aims to:
(describe three)

Answer 6

1. Direct, regulate, and organize tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular input.
2. Support or change the alignment of COM in relation to BOS during mov’t sequences.
3. Direct the patient’s initiation of mov’t: more efficiently and with more effective muscle
   synergies
4. Decrease the amount of force needed to stabilize body segments
5. Guide or re-direct the direction, force, speed and timing of muscle activation for successful task
   completion.
6. Constrain OR increase the degrees of freedom (DOF) needed to stabilize or move body segments
   during a functional activity.
7. Provide therapist with an opportunity for non-verbal feedback as a reference of correctness based on the patient’s movement response.
8. Direct the patient’s attention to meaningful aspects of the motor task.

Question 7

NDT principles

what are the 3 essential components of therapeutic handling in NDT treatments?

Answer 7

• Key points of control (to create a motor output)
• Facilitation
• Inhibition

Question 8

NDT

“There will be ________. That is how the nervous system accomplishes control. It recognizes error and puts in controls so that learning comes out of mistakes.” (K Bobath)

Answer 8

trial and error

…find out what you can get out of an individual by his response to being moved; do NOT presume that what you do will always work, but THINK it may work and change or discard it if it does not

Question 9

NDT

NDT was developed as an approach to the treatment of movement in the _____________ – extended to adults with neurological dysfunction

Answer 9

neurological pediatric population

Question 10

NDT

Aimed at minimizing the influence of atypical posture & movements that interfere with motor patterns needed for efficient function

Answer 10

INHIBITION

Question 11

NDT

…you do NOT work ON the child, you ______ the child

Answer 11

activate

(pasive treatment does not create changes)

Question 12

NDT

NDT facilitation techniques:

Answer 12

• Tapping
• Sweep tapping
• Pressure tapping
• Alternate tapping
• Place and hold
• Environment
• Speed
• Gravity

Question 13

✅ NDT 💡parameters

what are you attempting to control with the key points of control?

Answer 13

• Direction
• Amplitude
• Speed

Question 14

NDT

NDT logo includes the following parts:

Answer 14

• Posture and mvmt
• Body systems
• Functional activities

1. Characterisitics of the client
2. Family
3. Culture
4. Intervention team

Question 15

NDT

“Also know that children (and adults) learn first with ______ movements because they need time to adjust, make corrections, as they learn.” (B Bobath)

Answer 15

slow

Question 16

NDT

main aim of NDT

Answer 16

optimize function!

Question 17

NDT

Distal key points of control:

Answer 17

hands & feet

Question 18

NDT

Locations in the body through which the therapist can guide/facilitate/inhibit a person’s movement or movement response → directly and/or indirectly:

Answer 18

KEY POINTS OF CONTROL

Question 19

NDT

the promotion of a response; to make it easier.

Answer 19

FACILITATION

Making a posture or movement easier or more likely to occur.

Question 20

NDT

Contemporary NDT incorporates principles of systems theory with great emphasis on

Answer 20

• repetition
• feedback
• practice
• & active problem solving

Question 21

NDT

who was instrumental in developing an understanding of why what she was doing was working?

Answer 21

Dr. Bobath

Question 22

NDT

“There will be ___________ . That is how the nervous system accomplishes control. It recognizes error and puts in controls so that learning comes out of mistakes.”

Answer 22

trial and error

Question 23

NDT

when did the Bobaths taught their firts NDT course in America?

Answer 23

1966

Question 24

NDT

Original NDT framework was based on:

Answer 24

• Reflex Theory
• Hierarchical Theory
• NOTE: Contemporary NDT incorporates principles of systems theory with great emphasis on repetition, feedback, practice & active problem solving

Question 25

NDT principles

A single treatment session progresses from activities in which the client is most capable to

Answer 25

activities that are more challenging.

Question 26

NDT

Early NDT principles:

Answer 26

• Facilitation of automatic movement:
  
  • righting and equilibrium reactions
• Facilitation of balance
• Systematic preparation for specific functional activities
• Relaxation Reflex Inhibiting Postures
• Movement using developmental sequences and movement patterns

Question 27

NDT

Describe three NDT assumptions

Answer 27

• Sensorimotor impairments affect the whole being (function, place in family and community, independece, QOL)
• Movement is linked to sensory processing of feedback (reactive) & feedforward (anticipatory)
• An understanding of motor development provides framework for assessing function and planning intervention
• Ongoing evaluation is key to treatment

Question 28

NDT

Using input to suppress or decrease the likelihood of a specific response.

Answer 28

Inhibition

Question 29

NDT

Contemporary NDT principles:

Answer 29

• Facilitation of automatic movement – righting and equilibrium reactions → when not incorporated into function, balance remained a problem
• Facilitation of balance → in itself had no carryover into function
• Systematic preparation for specific functional activities → necessary to ensure carry over into daily life
• 💀 Relaxation Reflex Inhibiting Postures 💀 → TOO STATIC RIP
• Movement using developmental sequences and movement patterns → TOO ISOLATED as originally used

Question 30

NDT

decribe three NDT treatment principles

Answer 30

• Intervention strategies involve active initiation & participation by the patient combined with manual guidance and direct handling by the therapist.
• NDT intervention is based on movement analysis for missing or atypical elements linking functional limitations to impairments.
• NDT interventions aim to obtain active responses in goal directed activities.
• Whenever possible – movement is initiated & actively performed by the patient.
• NDT focuses on movement strategies as a means to achieve quality performance within context of age appropriate tasks and in anticipation of future functional tasks.
• Treatment must be individualized.
• Treatment is guided by the patient’s response.
• Establish treatment plan – specific, observable & measurable functional goals; within specific time frame; & specific environmental conditions.
  
  • goals set with patient, family & interdisciplinary tea,
• Acknowledge and utilize client’s strengths.
• Interventions include planning & solving of motor problems.
• Interventions allow the patient to learn from errors made during movement.

Question 31

NDT ✍🏼

Facilitation is done through the use of which type of inputs?

Answer 31

proprioceptive, exteroceptive, visual, vestibular, and verbal inputs.

Question 32

NDT principles

in NDT treatment, what is the primary intervention strategy?

Answer 32

THERAPEUTIC HANDLING

Question 33

NDT

describe three of the NDT treatment rules:

Answer 33

• TREAT IN MILLIMETERS & MICROSECONDS
• REPEAT, REPEAT, REPEAT
• ALLOW TIME FOR A RESPONSE
• LATENCY FRO STIMULUS
• TREAT IN PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
• TEAM APPROACH

Question 34

NDT principle

__________ is key to motor learning.

Answer 34

Repetition

Question 35

NDT principles

treatment strategies often include preparation & simulation of critical task components as well as practice of the

Answer 35

whole task

Question 36

NDT

NDT interventions include modifying the task, or environment, to take into account the current level of the client’s performance and capacity for ______.

Answer 36

function