MUSCLE TONE

Question 1

Factors that modify muscle tone:

Answer 1

• Voluntary movement (volitional activities)
• Body and head positions
• Interaction of tonic reflexes
• Urinary bladder status
• Fatigue
• Stress level
• Environmental factors (room light, noise, temperature)

Question 2

The gold standard for muscle tone measurement instrument

Answer 2

Modified Ashworth Scale

• 0 = No increase in muscle tone
• 1 = Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch followed by minimal resistance throughout the remainder (less than half) of the ROM
• 1+ = Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance at the end of the ROM when the affected part is moved in flexion or extension
• 2 = More marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected part(s) easily moved
• 3 = Considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement is difficult
• 4 = Affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension

Question 3

Pendulum test

Answer 3

• Normal response: the limb will flex to about 70 degrees and swing back and forth in a pendulum motion about six times
• Abnormal response: the hypertonic limb will not swing easy and will return to the initial dependent position

Question 4

what are the three things you need to consider for mm tone examination

Answer 4

• Observation
• Palpation
• Passive movement testing

Question 5

muscle tone

Modified Ashworth scale score of 2

Answer 5

marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected part(s) easily moved

Question 6

Modified Ashworth Scale score of 4

Answer 6

muscle tone

Affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension

Question 7

Modified Ashworth scale score of 1

Answer 7

a slight increase in muscle tone, catch and release, or minimal resistance at the end of ROM