NCT4 Jeopardy questions Flashcards
Federal agency created to regulate electronic communications. Name and year created.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 1934
Signal impairment usually caused by jitter or instability in oscillators.
Phase Noise
Figure of merit derived from the number and severity of leaks in a cable system.
CLI (Cumulative Leakage Index)
Document that contains a snapshot of the interference potential to aircraft communications over a cable system.
Form 320
Method to collect leakage data using and airplane.
Fly-Over
E=IxR
Ohm’s Law
Two types of network power supplies used by Comcast.
Stand-by and Non-Stand-by
Design where one power supply powers all the actives in a node or multiple nodes.
Centralized Power
Best test for battery health.
Load Test
The two most common digital modulation schemes used by Comcast.
QPSK and QAM
These two modulation schemes allow multiple devices to share the same upstream on the Comcast HFC network.
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and SCDMA (Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access)
This network amplifier is used to compensate for the higher loss in feeder and customer drops.
Bridger Amplifier
Used, along with the DSAM, for NON-INTRUSIVE isolation of ingress.
“I-STOP” or “Spark-Plug”
This map is similar to a street map and includes features such as lakes, rivers, streets, and boundaries.
Base Map
This map offers the layout of the system in a condensed form.
Tree Map
The two main manufacturers of coaxial cable.
CommScope and Trillogy
Used to counteract horizontal forces placed on poles by the strand.
Guys and Anchors
Passive device which divides the signal into two transmission lines in parallel.
Directional Coupler
Tool used to measure signals at specific tunable frequencies.
SLM (Signal Level Meter) or DSAM (Digital Signal Activation Meter)
Tool uses a dipole antenna to detect signal leakage and determine its direction.
Sniffer (Leak Detector)
Tool which accurately measures voltages in waveforms other than just sine waves.
True RMS (Root Mean Square) meter or RMS VOM (Volt Ohm Meter)
Tool used to find underground communications lines.
Cable Locator
This tool is used to determine the distance of a known fault from a specific location.
TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer)
This tool is used to determine the distance of a known fault in the optical fiber network.
OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)
This resource tool can differentiate between plant problems and drop problems in the HFC network.
Scout Flux
This resource tool makes offline data management, markup, and synchronization effortless.
Spatial
This resource tool provides real time snapshot and maps all aspects of the network including power and facilities.
National Watchtower (NWT)
Thin wire wrapped around the fiber and coaxial cables to secure them to the strand.
Lashing Wire
Used to secure lashing wire.
Bug Nut (a.k.a. Lashing Wire Clamp)
This is the load bearing component of aerial coaxial cable.
Strand
This is the load bearing component of aerial drop cable.
Messenger
The strand is made of this.
Zinc Coated Galvanized Steel
The two most common sizes of strand.
1/4 inch and 3/8 inch
Breaking Weight for 1/4 inch strand
3900 Lbs.
Breaking Weight for 3/8 inch strand
6900 Lbs.
Weight per foot of 1/4 inch strand
0.121 LB per FT
Weight per foot of 3/8 inch strand
0.270 LB per FT
Used at locations where the cable is not attached to the strand by lashing wire.
Straps and Spacers
Minimal passing score for CLI according to the FCC.
64
Two types of voltages used by power supplies in the Comcast HFC network.
60 Volts and 90 Volts
Intentionally formed in the cable to compensate for expansion and contraction due to temperature.
Expansion Loop
Connects the pole line hardware to the anchor.
Down Guy Wire
Buried metal device used to transfer force from the pole to the ground.
Anchor
Yellow plastic cover used to protect the guy and make it more visible.
Guy Wire Guard
Guy wire used at the end of the line.
Terminal Guy
Guy used when the strand changes direction.
Side Guy
Guy used to establish clearance using a stub pole.
Pole to Stub Guy
Guy using an in-line pole as an anchor.
Pole to Pole Guy or Span Guy
Guy uses horizontal strut to provide overhead clearance.
Sidewalk Guy
Guy used when straight poles are subjected to extreme sideward forces typically from wind.
Storm Guy
Anchor which is directly torqued into the ground causing minimal ground disturbance.
Screw Anchor
Anchor designed for soft soil.
Never Creep Anchor
Anchor designed to expand in holes bored into concrete or rock.
Rock Anchor
Connects the anchor to the down guy wire.
Anchor Rod
This device, usually a screw, connects the center conductor to an active or passive device.
seizure mechanism (seizure screw)
Tool which prepares coaxial cable for splicing.
Cable Coring Tool
In WD-40, what does “WD” stand for?
Water Displacement
Tool specifically designed to cut coaxial cable.
Banana Cutters
Tool used to cut wire with a diagonal head.
Diagonal Cutters
Tool used to cut wires and is a combination of 9 inch pliers and wire cutters.
Nines (side cutters)
Tool used to score the aluminum sheath of coaxial cable
pipe cutter
Tool uses plastic blades to prepare the center conductor of coaxial cable
Center Conductor Cleaner (Gator Tool)
Type of connector commonly used to attach coaxial cable to active and passive devices
Pin Connector
Connector used to connect two devices directly to each other
Housing to Housing adapter (H2H)
Adapter used to connect different sizes of coaxial cable
Universal Splice Block
Connector used to connect hardline coaxial cable to regular drop cable
Cable to F connector
Connector used to convert the threaded connector of a device into a female F connector
Pin to F connector
75 Ohm device used to end RF signal
75 Ohm Terminator
Material used to prevent moisture from entering the connector
Shrink Boot
Device used to prevent dangerous sag in strand during installation
Strand Brake
Device used to prevent unwanted pay-off of strand or cable from the trailer during installation
Reel Brakes
Portable bonding connection used during strand installation
Traveling Ground
Installation of pole hardware before the installation of strand
Pole Framing
Metal pulley used to assist in the strand installation
Snatch Block
Attaches the strand to the pole
Suspension Clamp
Two methods of strand installation are?
Stationary Reel and Drive Off (Moving Reel)
Used to form expansion loops into coaxial cable
Mechanical Bender
Used to measure the tension of cables
Dynamometer
This swivel will unlink at a specific tension to ensure that the cable pulled in not over-tensioned
Breakaway Swivel
Used to support multiple cables in independent rollers without a cable positioner
Multiple Cable Block
Used to support one cable prior to lashing
Single roller Block
Attached directly to the pole to support self-support cable during installation
Pole Mount Block
Single block with no roller
Economy Block
Used to route cable through inside or outside corners either 90 or 45 degrees during installation
Corner Block (90 or 45)
Guides the cable from the reel to the strand during installation
Set Up Chute
Supports corner blocks or set up chutes in mid-span locations
Set Up Bracket
Used to lash cable to the strand
Cable Lasher
Allows more than one cable to be pulled into place when lashing directly to the strand
Multiple Cable Puller
Allows multiple cables to be pulled into place in overlash applications
Overlash Puller
Used to push equipment ahead of a pulled lasher
Cable Block Pusher (Shuttle or Shotgun)
Pushed in front of a lasher to uniformly position multiple cables for lashing
Magic box (Cable Positioner)
Used to place the cable into the lasher in drive off applications
Cable Guide
Used to lift blocks and cables into position
Lay Up Stick
Placed on the end of the lay up stick to prevent damage to cable
Cable Lifter (Lay up stick head)
Placed on the end of the lay up stick to place blocks midspan
Block Lifter
Minimum clearance for cable below power both at the pole and at midspan, give both answers.
40” at pole 30” at midspan
Minimum clearance for cable below the transformer
30”
The resistance of a circuit to the flow of AC alternating current
Impedance
Tension in the cable during installation cased by the mass of cable on the reel and reel brakes
Tail Loading
The mechanical bender is left in place until the next span is lashed by how far?
50 feet or 1/3 distance to next pole, whichever is longer
Method where expansion loops are located on the output side of the pole as indicated by feeder direction
Feeder Dominant
When two perpendicular strands end at the same pole
Double Dead End
Cable blocks are spaced by how far?
30 to 50 feet
Ends of the cable left extra for splicing
Cable Tail
Articles of the NEC dealing specifically with bonding and grounding, name both.
Article 250 General bonding and Article 820 Coaxial Cable bonding
Pipe usually made of PVC used to house and protect cable underground
Conduit
Protective covering for cable where it transitions from aerial to underground
Riser Guard
Required dimensions for riser guard at the pole
8 feet above ground 8 inches below ground
Required dimensions for riser guard at the house
4 feet above ground 8 inches below ground
Color code for underground locates for power
Red
Color code for underground locates for Gas
Yellow
Color code for underground locates for communication lines
Orange
Color code for underground locates for potable water
Blue
Color code for underground locates for irrigation and reclaimed water
Purple
Color code for underground locates for sewage and drainage
Green
Color code for underground locates for proposed excavation
White
Color code for underground locates for temporary survey markings
Pink
Highly visible material buried directly above the cable, answer name and depth.
Warning Tape at 12 inches below ground
In trenching applications, cable must be buried how far above power and how far below surface?
12 inches above power, 24 inches below surface
What is a Hog?
A missile
What is a Missile?
A Hog
International Telecommunications standard that permits high speed data transfer on an existing CATV system
DOCSIS
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
CMTS
Cable Modem Termination SYSTEM
Converts RF to Ethernet and visa versa
CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)
This is when there is no response from the CMTS to a modem ranging request
T3 timeout (typically upstream impairment)
This is when there is no response from the CMTS to a modem periodic maintenance request
T4 timeout (typically downstream impairment)
Bandwidth of a standard digital carrier
6mHz
Ability of the system to combine digital carriers in order to increase bandwidth
Channel Bonding
Connection point where optical signal is converted to RF to serve individual customers
Node
This is a series of Reed Solomon (RS) symbols
Codeword
Name and number all layers of the OSI model
- Physical 2. Data Link 3. Network 4. Transport 5. Session 6. Presentation 7. Application
Unit of measurement in the physical layer of the OSI model
bit
Unit of measurement in the Data Link layer of the OSI model
frame
Unit of measurement in the network layer of the OSI model
packet
Units of measurement in the transport layer of the OSI model
Segment or Datagram
Unit of measurement in the Session, Presentation, and Application layers of the OSI model
data
List, in order, the order of priorities for network maintenance tasks (NT4)
- Outages 2. Priority Plant Faults 3. Service Call Clusters 4. RTM 5. Plant faults (demand) 6. General Maintenance Work (preventative)
Circuits to direct AC power onto specific output legs of a network amplifier
Power Passing Chokes
Connector used for a low resistance connection to complete a circuit and allow power to pass
Shunt (fuse)
Minimum safe distance from 300 VAC power
avoid direct physical contact
Minimum safe distance from 300-750 VAC power
12 inches
Minimum safe distance from 750-2000 VAC power
18 inches
Minimum safe distance from 2000-15000 VAC power
24 inches
Minimum safe distance from 15000-37500 VAC power
36 inches
Minimum safe distance from 37500-87500 VAC power
42 inches
Minimum safe distance from 87500-121000 VAC power
48 inches
Minimum safe distance from 121000-140000 VAC power
54 inches
Combining AC voltage from two different network power supplies, resulting in damage
Bucking Power
HFC plant design where the output of each active in the forward path is the same
Unity Gain
HFC plant design where the input of each active in the return path is the same
Unity Gain
I-Stop is manufactured by
Trillithic
“Sparkplug” is manufactured by
Signal Vision
This lets the XOC know that service will be interrupted and checks for any active 911 calls
TSI (Temporary Service Interruption)
Fieldview uses a single frequency for telemetry data. This is known as what?
Narrow Casting
This converts 60 or 90 volts AC to 24-28 volts DC
Power Pack
This is defined as two or more Comcast Xfinity customers without service due to the same root cause.
Outage
Difference, in dB, of a signal injected into one output port of a device and measured on another output port of the device.
Port to Port Isolation
Name the three portions of the HFC network.
Transportation, Distribution, Drop
Name the active devices in the Comcast HFC network.
Nodes, Amps, LE’s, Power Supplies
Converts optical signal to RF in a neighborhood.
Node
List the four components of a node.
Optical Receiver(s), Optical transmitter(s), Power Supply, and Forward/return Amp Module(s)
Separates or combines the forward and return signals.
Diplex Filter
Percentage of optical modulation driving a laser transmitter
Optical Modulation Index
Provides a “flat” input to the first stage amplification in an amplifier
Input Equalizer (or also Cable Simulator if clarification is requested)
Component that has attenuation that replicates the normal attenuation of cable.
Cable Sim (Cable Simulator) or Cable Equivalency
Component that has attenuation opposite to that of normal cable
Equalizer
This changes the gain and tilt of an amplifier to hold the output constant based on input levels
ALS (automatic level and slope)
This changes the gain of an amplifier based on fluctuating input levels
AGC (automatic Gain Control)
RF carrier used bit the ALS or AGC to maintain a constant output level.
Pilot Carrier
This uses temperature changes to increase or decrease the output of an amplifier
Thermal Level Control
Used in amplifiers to compensate for frequency response “signatures” of passive and active devices.
Mop Up
RF portion of the cable plant fed from a node.
Node Service Area
Process of injecting a signal into an amplifier test point to set up the return portion of the amplifier.
Return Sweep
Aeronautical Navigation Frequency ranges.
108 to 137 MHz and 225 to 400 MHz
FCC rules for aeronautical bands in cable systems where average signal strength is 38.75 dBmv or more.
76.610
FCC rules regarding fly-over and ground based leakage monitoring
76.611
FCC rules regarding offset frequencies
76.612
FCC rules regarding harmful interference requiring immediate repair
76.613
FCC rules regarding leakage monitoring and the recording of leaks and leak repairs
76.614
FCC rules regarding adding or changing a carrier in the aeronautical bands
76.615
FCC rules regarding specific emergency frequencies
76.616
FCC rules regarding customer equipment and any device connected to the RF plant
76.617
The frequencies regularly associated with LTE
700 to 800 MHz
Maximum allowable seasonal and diurnal signal level variation according to DOCSIS specification
8dB (+/- 4dB)
Maximum allowable egress according to FCC for frequencies below 54 MHz
15 microvolts per meter at 30 meters
Maximum allowable egress according to FCC for frequencies between 54 and 216 MHz
20 microvolts per meter at 3 meters
Maximum allowable egress according to FCC for frequencies above 216 MHz
15 microvolts per meter at 30 meters
List all information required in the CLI log according to FCC.
Date found, Location, Cause, Strength of leak, distance to leak, date repaired, and measurement after repair
Fly over is performed at what altitude, according to FCC.
1500 feet or 450 meters
Plant design topology where signals are sent long distances by trunk cables and has branches for signal to be sent to customers.
Tree and Branch
Typical wavelengths used by Comcast for forward and return signals in the fiber optic network
1550 nm Forward 1310 nm Return
Network Architecture where nodes, hubs, or headends may be connected with fiber optic cables to provide redundancy or increased reliability.
Ring Architecture
The distance between two points of like phase in a waveform
Wavelength
This is the attenuation in single mode fiber for 1310 nm wavelength
0.35 dB/Km
This is the attenuation in single mode fiber for 1550 nm wavelength
0.25 dB/Km
Three components of fiber.
Core, Cladding, and Coating
Diameter of fiber core.
8 to 10 microns
Diameter of fiber cladding.
125 microns
Diameter of fiber coating.
250 microns
Minimum diameter of a fiber.
125 microns (coating is removed during splicing)
Compares the speed of light through a material to the speed of light in a vacuum.
Index of Refraction
Compares the speed of a RF signal trough a cable to the speed of light in a vacuum.
Velocity of Propagation
Occurs when light in continually reflected between two materials with different refractive indices.
Total Internal Reflection
The RF distribution system contains?
Coax cable, actives, and passives
GaAs
Gallium-Arsenide
Separates or combines the RF signal with AC current.
Power Diplex
Attenuates the signal in an amplifier to bring it into acceptable range.
Pad
Used in an amplifier to compensate for the unequal loss of signal due to frequency.
Equalizer
Converts AC power to DC in an amp.
Power Pack
A design where the loss of the cable and all of the passives after an amp is equal to the gain of the amp.
Unity Gain
List all the factors of attenuation in coaxial cable.
Frequency, Center Conductor size and material, Sheath Material, Dielectric Material, Spacing between Center Conductor and shield, Temperature
This Map depicts the pole locations and pedestal locations and all the lengths in between.
Strand Map
This map displays the locations of all equipment, including the headend and hubs as well as amps, power supplies, and taps.
Design Map
Displays any corrections or changes to the original design, or as the result of a “walk out”.
As-Built Map
Displays the optical transmitters, nodes, fiber footages, of the optical network.
Fiber Map
Two main types of coaxial cable
P-series, and QR (Quantum Reach)
Three types of loss in a device
Insertion loss, Isolation Loss, Return Loss
Effect of the structure of the coaxial cable in signals.
Structural Return Loss
Impedance of coaxial cable used by Comcast.
75 ohms
Attenuation per 100 ft. at 750 MHz for .500 P-Series cable
2.17 dB per 100 ft.
Attenuation per 100 ft. at 750 MHz for .625 P-Series cable
1.78 dB per 100 ft.
Attenuation per 100 ft. at 750 MHz for .750 P-Series cable
1.53 dB per 100 ft.
Attenuation per 100 ft. at 750 MHz for .875 P-Series cable
1.36 dB per 100 ft.
Attenuation per 100 ft. at 750 MHz for 1.000 P-Series cable
1.23 dB per 100 ft.
Formula for attenuation of ANY frequency, given a known attenuation at a single frequency.
Attenuation = Square root of (Any Freq/Known Freq) times the Attenuation of known frequency
This information is required for proper operation of a TDR.
VoP (Velocity of Propagation) and Impedance (75 ohms)
These devices require power to operate.
Actives
These do not require power and always attenuate signal.
Passives.
List all passives used in coaxial cable.
Taps, DC’s, Line Splitters, In Line EQ’s, In Line Conditioners, and Power Inserters
Used to extract specific amounts of signal and connect to customers drops
Taps
Passive signal splitting device with a minimal through loss and a specified tap loss
DC (Directional Coupler)
Passive device that splits the signal into two or three output ports.
Line Splitter
0dBmv equals what voltage at 75 ohms?
1 milivolt across 75 ohms or 1000 microvolts across 75 ohms
1mv across 75 ohms equals what dBmv?
0 dbmv
Passive device available in several values, contains an EQ, Diplex, and Power passing choke
In Line EQ
Passive device containing fuses or shunts, and Low Pass filters
Power Inserter
Formula for calculation of loss.
Total Loss = Cable loss + Passive Loss (Loss is always answered as positive dBmv, i.e. 10 dbMv loss)
This device only uses IPv6 OR IPv4 addressing.
Single Stack Device (cable modem)
This device uses both IPv6 and IPv4 addressing.
Dual Stack Device
Defined as the electromotive force or pressure that causes electrons to flow in a circuit.
Voltage
Defined as the flow of electrons through a conductor
Current
Defined as the opposition of a material to the flow of electrons
Resistance
The difference in voltage between two points.
Potential
The direction of an electrical field in a radiated wave.
Polarity
Electrical current in which the polarity is periodically reversed.
AC (Alternating Current)
Name the four AC waveforms used in cable.
Sine Wave, Square Wave, Quazisquare Wave, and Sawtooth Wave.
One complete wave is called what?
Cycle
Number of cycles per second is called what?
Frequency
This German physicist first produced radio waves.
Hertz (Heinrich Rudolph Hertz)
Physical distance of a cycle.
Wavelength
The amount of time of a cycle.
Period
Peak value of a waveform.
Amplitude
Defined as the position of the amplitude as related to time.
Phase
Defined as Current over time.
Power
Formula for calculating Watts of power
Current X Voltage
Defined as the resistance per unit length given in ohms.
Loop Resistance
InGaAs
Indium-Gallium-Arsenide
Term used to describe a lead-acid or gel-cell battery that no longer has the ability to hold a charge
Sulfated
ANSI standard for hard hats
Z-89
ANSI standard for hot gloves
Z-87
Connecting directly to earth or a device with negative potential equal to earth
Grounding
Connecting to the grounded portion of an electrical system
Bonding
All new power supply batteries are now this type.
Gel-Cell
Term used to describe a transformer reducing the voltage
Step Down
Term used to describe converting DC voltage to AC voltage
Inverted
Allows only higher frequency RF to pass
High Pass Filter
Allows only the lower frequency signal, such as AC power, to pass.
Low Pass Filter
Term used to describe the surge protection included in most power inserters.
Amp Clamp
Design where multiple power supplies are distributed within a node.
Distributed Power
This company is contracted to handle all HAZMAT in the field.
3E
The exponent, or power, to which a number must be raised to produce a given number
Logarithm
Formula for C/N in dB
C/N in dB = 10xlog(carrier level in dB/noise floor in dB)
Formula for C/N in microvolts
C/N in mv = 20xlog(signal voltage/noise floor voltage)
1 volt equals how many dBmv?
60 dBmv
Discontinuous signal who’s various states are discrete intervals apart.
Digital Signal
Device used to convert an analog signal to a digital signal.
Digitizer
Number of bits per second
Bit Rate
Number of changed digital states per second.
Baud (not baud rate)
Continuous signal or carrier that varies in amplitude or frequency as a function of the changes at its input.
Analog Signal
The process of converting analog signal to digital.
Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC)
Three steps of analog to digital conversion are?
Sampling, Quantization, Encoding
Analog audio carrier is how far from the analog video carrier?
3.5 MHz
Modulation scheme where the amplitude is varied according to the value of the signal.
Amplitude Modulation
Modulation scheme where the frequency is varied according to the value of the signal.
Frequency Modulation
List the five most common modulation schemes used in cable.
ASK FSK PSK QPSK QAM
Modulation of the Pathtrak telemetry frequency.
FSK
Unwanted outside RF signals entering the coaxial cable network.
Ingress
Unwanted sum and or difference in the signatures of frequencies resulting from the mixing of signals.
Beat
Carrier to beat ratio of ______ is considered to be negligible.
57dB (NOT dBmv) (Assume analog unless specified as digital)
Return path impairment characterized by the significant elevation of the noise floor.
CPD Common Path Distortion
Chemical change caused by a reaction with oxygen, such as rust.
Oxidation
A component signature of a single signal that is an integer multiple of the frequency.
Harmonics
Caused by the random activity of the atoms that make up any part of a circuit at any temperature above absolute zero.
Thermal Noise
Noise added to the return path due to the lack of or improper termination.
Termination Noise
Baseline C/N value for thermal noise in analog calculations where the bandwidth is 6 MHz.
-59.2 dBmv
Baseline C/N value for thermal noise in a digital QAM carrier
-31.73 dBmv
This is defined as the noise added to the signal by the design of the amplifier, specified by manufacturer.
Noise Figure
If the input level of an amp equals the noise figure of the amp, what is the output C/N?
59.2 dB (NOT dBmv)
If the input level of an amp is 5 dBmv above the noise figure of the amp, what is the output C/N?
64.2 dB (59.2+5)
If the input C/N of the first amp in an 8 like-amp cascade is 60.03 dB, what is the output C/N from the last amp?
51 dB (60.03 - 3.01 - 3.01 - 3.01)
This term specifically describes the carrier to noise of digital carriers.
Carrier to Composite Noise
List the five types of signal distortions in cable.
DSO (Discrete Second Order) CSO (Composite Second Order) DTO (discrete Third Order) CTB (Composite Triple Beats) and XMOD (Cross Mod)
This distortion is twice the frequencies of two carriers plus and minus the frequencies of both carriers.
DSO (Discrete Second Order)
This distortion manifests itself as a vertical bar in an analog picture.
XMOD (Cross Mod)
This distortion manifests itself as a horizontal bar in an analog picture.
Hum Bar
Acceptable carrier to hum ratio according to Comcast standards
2%
Acceptable carrier to hum ratio according to FCC standards
3%
Measurement of the desired signal vector point to the root mean square of the actual landing point.
MER (Modulation Error Ratio)
Measurement of the signal power versus the error power
MER (Modulation Error Ratio)
Defined as a function of the transit time across a circuit.
Group Delay
This reveals every physical error in the network that influences transmitted signals.
Sweep Trace
Two basic types of RF TDR.
Waveform TDR and Digital TDR
Span of cable at the beginning of a TDR trace caused by the time lag of the pulse width.
Dead Zone
Used to test for the presence of invisible light on a fiber optic cable.
Photosensitive Card
ANSI standard that categorizes LASERs into various classes.
Z-136
Method used to deactivate and mark one end of a line in order to allow safe work at the other end of the line.
Lock Out Tag Out
Transportation of multiple wavelengths of light through a single mode fiber.
WDM Wave Division Multiplexing
Transportation of over 32 different wavelengths of light in a single mode fiber.
DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing
Three basic parts of an optical link
Transmitter, Medium (fiber), and Receiver
Three types of optical transmitters.
FP, DFB, and YAG (Fabrey-Perot, Distributed Feedback, and Yttrium Aluminum Garnet)
Network architecture where each endpoint is connected with a single link.
Star Network
Network where every workstation is connected through a common path and all data must flow through every station.
Bus Network
Network where data is passed around until it reaches the correct workstation.
Ring Network
Two types of digital transport.
Asynchronous and Synchronous
Three parts of a packet.
Header, Payload, Trailer
Visible light
390nm to 780nm
The loss of power between the optical transmitter and the optical receiver.
Loss Budget
Formula for conversion of dB to mW
mW = 10 raised to the power of (dB/10)
FCC requires POP tests how often?
Color performance test every three years, all other POP tests twice a year.
Visible light in terahertz (THz)
384 to 769 THz
Two types of fusion splicers.
LID (Local Injection and Detection) and Profile alignment
Two types of optical splices.
Fusion and mechanical
List the steps for splicing in order.
Prepare the cable, Prepare the enclosure, Route the fiber, Clean and Cleave, Splice and Protect, Seal the enclosure.
Three types of fiber connectors.
UPC, APC, LCSC
Ohm’s Law
E=IxR
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access
ATDMA
Advanced Time Division Multiple Access
SSID
Service Set Identifier
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
UDP
Universal Datagram Protocol
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection (model)
LTE
Long Term Evolution
ALS
Automatic Level and Slope
AGC
Automatic Gain Control
ADU
Automatic Driver Unit
OMI
Optical Modulation Index
LASER
Light Amplification by StimulatED Emission of Radiation
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
FTTF
Fiber To The Feeder
FTTC
Fiber To The Curb
FTTH
Fiber To The Home
LAN
Local Area Network
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
WAN
Wide Area Network
CRAN
Converged Regional Area Network
