Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

URBAN PLANNING > Nazi Planning > Flashcards

Nazi Planning Flashcards

1
Q

1918: Timeline

A

: ToV, New Era, Weimar Republic; representative and participatory politics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

1922: Timeline

A

Mussolini comes to power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1933 Timeline:

A

30th Jan - Third Reich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who criticises the election of Hitler as Chancellor?

A

Evans - believes this was not democratically done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1933-34: Timeline

A

Gleichschaltung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1934: Timeline

A

Reichstag Fire - end of period of consolidation, beginning of one party rule - planning starts here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1935: Timeline

A

Nuremburg Laws;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1938: Timeline

A

Kristallnacht; night of destruction of Jewish property and synagogues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1939: Timeline

A

Warthegau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1941: TImeline

A

Final Solution touted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

1942: Timeline

A

Lancee Conference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name x2 important timelines that are necessary to consider

A
  1. War timeline

2. Jews

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name of plan in place for urban planning of Berlin;

When was it introduced?

A

WELTHAUPTSTADT GERMANIA

Jan 1938

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What were the main features highlighted in scholarship concerning the Welthauptstaft Germania?

According to whom?

A
  • monumentality
  • iconography
  • materials

Scobie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was Berlin’s labour force like? Who were they made up of?

A
  • 130,000 strong workforce

- made up of PoWs / forced labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the ultimate goal of the Welthaptstadt Germania plan?

A

Provide a reinterpretation of Germany’s defeat

Make Germany a new world capital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can be said of the aesthetic style of the Welthauptstadt Germania plan?

A

No one unitary style
Nazi’s were consumers of culture and so appropriated many styles

Although no unitary style - the massive proportions and loss of scale were characteristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What was significant about Germany’s choice of materials in the Welthauptstadt Germania Plan?

A

stone used frequently
little use of ‘modern’ materials;

attempting to build the thousand year reich
= little history to conquer of their own

Through stone the nation could express its fundamental values

‘Wort aus stein’ - words in stone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What were the 4 main components of the Welthauptstadt Germania plan?

A
  • ceremonial N-S Axis
  • infrastructure i.e U-Bahn
  • Basic housing provision
  • based on laws of property ownership
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What did Hitler consider architecture to be?

A

The Highest Form of Art

A way of expressing the thoughts and vision of Fascism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of architecture did the Nazi regime primarily use?

A

Ornamented, classical architecture;
i.e domes / columns / cornices / arches

Neoclassicism > romanesque / gothic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who refers to Hitler’s love and passion for architecture and its reference in Goebbels memoire?

A

Spotts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What position did Hitler occupy in relation to urban planning?

A

Inspector General for the Reich Capital of Berlin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The 6 Principles of Reich Architecture (1935)

A
  1. cultural greatness
  2. not a place for imitations
  3. difference between public and private buildings
  4. design and construction to be efficient
  5. use of modern construction methods
  6. state buildings to be the grandest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Italian term for ‘Word In Stone’

A

Wort aus Stein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the name for pieces of architecture designed by the Fuhrer?

A

Architektur des Fuhrer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Talk about the design of the Triumphal Arch;

A
  • Triumphal Arch designed in 1925

- Speer revealed design in 1936

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What did Hitler desire the architecture to appear like?

A

Wanted architecture to impress and inhibit the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How did Hitler treat architects?

A

Provided a special status to architects;
no military service
financial and social privileges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What year was a massive project across 5 Fuhrer cities launched?

What 5 cities were these?

A

1937

Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Linz, Nuremburg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Who was the architect of Munich?

What did they install which copied Berlin?

What was a notable building there?

A

Geiser

W-E Axis - copied Berlin

Bonatz’s Strasburg station

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What happened to social housing under Hitler?

A

Decline in social housing - although rise in Hitler Villages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What was a phrase that linked together the nation and architecture?

A

Great Architecture –> Great Nation

Great Nation –> Great Architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How was Hitler inspired by other cities?

A

Felt Cold in Paris

Only inspired by Rome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Facts about Triumphal Arch;

A

14m elevation (vista, frame for Great Hall, optical illusion)

Designed by H 1925, revealed by Speer 1936

Postponed due to materials & ground subsidence

Commemoration for WWI dead (1.8mil)

Stripped neoclassical style;

Arc de Triumph could fit inside the arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Name of the building used to test marshy ground;

A

Exploratory Structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Facts about the Exploratory Structure;

A
  • 18cm subsidence in 3 years
  • 12,000 tonnes
  • Opened as a historical monument in 1990; heritage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

GBI Office;

When was it built?

What was the GBI office?

A

GBI office in 1937

Task force leading planning on the x2 monumental, intersecting areas
= design based around monuments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Soldiers Hall;

A
  • destruction for monumentalism
  • scale: main attribute
  • encourage future sacrifice
  • surrounding area cleared: makes hall more impressive (mainly houses)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

North South Axis;

A

N-S axis; 100m width, 38km
Ceremonial axis

W-E axis; 50km

Intersect at Brandenburg gate; finish at triumphal arch

DISENCUMBERING: 54,000 BUILDINGS - 25,000 for N-S axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Great Hall;

A 
Main building on axis 
Dome Height: 290m 
Can fit 150,000 - 180,000 individuals 
Worship site for Fuhrer 
Larger than Pantheon; monstrous scale 
Not built - materials 
Final Solution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How did the Great Hall link to the final solution?

A

Would have been built with money from the war; symbol of victory over jews

Forced labour from Jewish camps and PoWs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Who was the designer for the House of German Art?

What was significant about this building?

A

Troost

House of German Art = 1st project Hitler commissioned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Problems with construction / design in Nazi Germany;

A
  • marshy ground
  • Jewish problem
  • lack of materials due to wartime constraints
  • GBI cohesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Who suggests that it is important to look at how different institutions adopted anti-Semitism within urban planning?

A

Jaskott

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Was Speer’s planning anti-semitic, or was he simply following Nazi ideology?

A

Architecture has a political Function
Speer’s architecture actively pursued anti-semitic policy

+ Architecture could not be developed without anti-semitic policy;

+ Speer was not aided by A-S policy, but furthered it to suit his means; extended it

+ Went further than the Gestapo and predetermined some of the advanced stages of the Final Solution

+ Forced labour; GBI takes these over

+ Commitment to aesthetic = overran administrative boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Jaskott

A

Necessary to investigate how different institutions within urban planning considered and acted upon anti-semitism

48
Q

What did Speer consider of housing

A

Considered monumental planning > housing

49
Q

On scholarship of Nazi Germany urban construction what is there little of;

A

Little analysis of North-South architecture

50
Q

What is unique about Berlin and its critique?

A

Only city criticised for persecuting for the sake of architecture

51
Q

What did Speer wish to do with substitute housing?

How was this justified

A

Wished to dispossess the Jews and not build any substitute housing

Justified by economic savings (400mil RM)

52
Q

Who was assisting Speer in the formulation of laws against Jews?

How did this relationship go?

What was Speer demanding?

A

Dr. Vockmar at Ministry of Justice
Did not act fast enough so Speer acted largely alone

Led to High Level meeting in Nov 1938

Speer was demanded that he needed 2,500 large dwellings

53
Q

When was the Decree on Jewish Housing imposed?

What did this mandate?

A

April 1939; Decree on Jewish Housing

Jews had to be taken in by other Jews

54
Q

When was the second decree on Jewish Housing imposed?

What did this do?

What did Speer do with this power?

A

April 1941; New Law

Speer controls the dispersal of 70,000 Jewish individuals

Evicted 5,000

55
Q

Which area had a large number of Jewish evictions following the April 1941 law?

A

TIERGARTEN

9% of residential population of Berlin Jews

56
Q

Differences between Italians and Germans Fascist architecture;

A
  • competition rate
  • I is more realistic; G more monumental
  • autonomy
  • anti-semitism
  • timeline into power
  • Conquering of History
57
Q

What was Italy trying to create from its history? What was Germany trying to create?

A

Both trying to conquer history;

I = ‘Third Rome’

G = ‘Thousand Year Reich’

58
Q

Who considered every German to be associated with Nuremburg in some way

A

Brockman

59
Q

Brockman

A

Who considered every German to be associated with Nuremburg in some way

60
Q

Describe the city of Nuremburg;

A
  • more closely related to Rome than Berlin was
  • cultural capital
  • site of rally grounds
  • preserved old city centre architecture (ancient city components)
61
Q

Name for small villages in Germany

Why were these important for Germany?

How were provincial towns celebrated?

What did Hitler impose here, how was he inspired?

A

Reichsgaue

‘Salt of the Earth’ element of ideology

Towns celebrated through celebrating all things alpine / bells / tradition

Introduced ‘party forums’ -

62
Q

Area of West Poland that Germany occupied in October 1939;

A

Warthegau

63
Q

Where was Warthegau located

When was it occupied by Germany

A

Warthegau located in West Poland

Occupied in October 1939

64
Q

Composition of Warthegau population;

A

85% Poles

400,000 Jews
325,000 Germans

65
Q

By October 1944 what had happened to the Polish population in the Warthegau?

A

Reduced by 12% as Poles were sent to the Old Reich as labour

66
Q

What was the program called which attempted to encourage Germans to move to Warthegau?

A

Positive Germanisation

67
Q

Strategies involved in Positive Germanisation

A
  • afforestation
  • German institutions established
  • German culture / ‘blonde province’
  • modern transport networks i.e new roads
68
Q

How many Germans were repatriated to Warthegau?

When did this occur?

Where were this Germans from?

A

290,000 Germans who were minorities living in the Balkans

1939-41

69
Q

What was important about the Germanisation program?

A

You could only Germanise the region- not the people

wanted strict segregation of races

70
Q

Describe the Nazi’s afforestation program

A

400,000 acres of afforestation in Warthegau

contradictory policy;

  • needed wood to burn bodies of Jewish dead
  • needed wood for construction purposes
71
Q

What types of institutions did the Germans establish in Warthegau as part of their positive Germanisation program?

A
  • German University
  • Posen Castle
  • Afforestation
72
Q

What did the Old Reich envision Warthegau being?

A

Bread Basket for the Reich

73
Q

Evidence that colonisation was important to the Third Reich?

A

3rd point in NSDAP’s 1920s plan;

74
Q

Who was charged with the demographic reordering of Warthegau? When?

A

Himmler in October 1939

75
Q

What did Himmler establish in October 1939 to help him with his demographic reordering in the Warthegau

A

RFK : Reich Commission for Strengthening Germandom

76
Q

What did Himmler demand of the Jewish population in his demographic reordering strategy?

A

Demanded Jews deportation by Feb 1940;

Was not a fan of Jews working for the Third Reich

77
Q

What happened to the Jews in 1940?

A

Deportation rate slows
Required as labour
Nazi’s need middle class Poles housing worthy of Germans, not Jewish ghettos

War = Jews allowed, although reduced to 20,000
This provided Greiser authority to kill 100,000

78
Q

What action did Himmler take in 1943;

A

Himmler’s camp closures - extermination

79
Q

Polish Assets Decree; explain

A

RFK could seize Polish Assets with little justification

80
Q

Points FOR: Warthegau being a success

A

+ functional segregation effectively enforced; i.e curfews

+ German population increased:
1939: 6.6% –> 1944: 22.9%
although doesn’t necessarily constitute success

+ Greiser’s intentions to create space for German identity in Eastern Europe were more impressive than results

81
Q

Who was in charge of the Germanisation of the Warthegau?

A

Greiser

82
Q

Points AGAINST: Warthegau

A
  • Contradictions; i.e workforce; required Germans / Poles even at cost of having them living in the Gau
  • Germans from Balkans weren’t really German
  • Poles motivation for work reduced; most projects barely even begun
83
Q

Paul Bonatz got famous through his design of;

A

Stuttgart Station

84
Q

What did Frank describe Bonatz as?

A

Balancing force between the Neues Buen and Neoclassical movements preferred by Speer

85
Q

Describe Bonat’z inherent style;

A

one of mixed principles, refused modernist - traditionalist divide

86
Q

What was the nature of Bonatz’s collaboration with the Nazi regime?

A

Not an NSDAP member

Did not subscribe to anti-semitic principles

87
Q

When did Bonatz emigrate to Turkey

What was special about this

A

1943-44

1/500 allowed to stay post-war

88
Q

What did Bonatz help design in Turkey?

How was this redesigned?

A

Ankara state opera

Transformed modernist / internationalist building into one which represented Turkish national architecture

89
Q

When did Bonatz return to Germany?

A

Returned to Germany in 1954;

90
Q

What was part of Bonatz’s return to Germany?

A

Reconciliation period / meeting: 1950

Bonatz appointed to commission rebuilding in French Zone

91
Q

What year were the German Olympics?

What was important about the budget?

Why was this?

A

1936 : Berlin Olympics

Budget exceeded excessively; 1.8million marks to 28million

All part of putting Germany in a position of ‘World City’

92
Q

Quote from Speer on what hitler desired from Berlin;

A

‘Architectural Stage Set of Imperial Majesty’

93
Q

Why was Hitler not the biggest far of Berlin?

A
  • too Prussian

- too Experimental

94
Q

What was special about the Soldiers Hall?

What was destroyed?

What were the consequences?

A

Destruction for monumentality

Primarily houses which were destroyed - in order to make Great Hall more impressive (akin to Italians Sventramenti)

Limited compensation for those affected -

95
Q

What was the main target of disencumbering in Berlin?

How many dwellings demolished in Berlin in total?

A

Mainly vernacular structures
i.e houses targeted for Great Hall

54,000 dwellings demolished in Berlin

96
Q

How did Speer describe the Great Hall;

When was it intended to be built?

A

‘Berlin’s greatest construction’

Intended to be built post WWII victory

97
Q

Architecture in Germany was intended to show ‘inwards political greatness’ , what X3 means was this attempted to be achieved through?

A
  • self-gratification
  • self indoctrination
  • nationalistic self-assertion
98
Q

When was the Welthauptstadt Germania introduced?

A

Jan 28th 1938

99
Q

How can the relationship between planning and anti-semitic policy be termed?

A

Planning had an influence on the time and active pursuit of anti-semitic policy

100
Q

When were the 6 principles of Third Reich Architecture introduced?

A

1935

101
Q

Was Neoclassicism only in Fascist states?

What does this say about Third Reich style?

A

No - also used in the likes of France and USA

Third Reich was an absorber of culture; appropriated many different styles

102
Q

When did material shortages begin to be a problem for Germany?

Example

A

Problem of finding adequate building supplies from late 1930s

i.e wood - high demand although rationed from 1937

103
Q

What did Hitler think of modern materials ; i.e concrete, glass?

A

Shunned them

104
Q

What theory did Speer think he had coined, yet was not actually novel?

A

‘Theory in Ruin Value’

105
Q

What does Hilberg comment on in relation to the Jews?

A

Hilberg considers the Jews to have been victims of economic exploitation through the use of property rights

106
Q

What did the Ministry of Justice and Speer gather in order to formulate policy on the Jews?

A

Increased statistical information on the Jews themselves

107
Q

By 1942 how many forced labour camps were there in the Warthegau?

A

160 forced labour camps by 1942

108
Q

What system required the presence of Jews and Poles to be registered in the Warthegau?

A

DVL

109
Q

Name for ‘Homeland’

A

Heimat

110
Q

National Socialism recognised only one Heimat; slogan for this;

A

‘One Volk, One Native Soil’

111
Q

Who suggests that it is important to consider the heritage of places in terms of whether they are ‘Victim’ or ‘Perpetrator’ locations?

A

Assmann

112
Q

Where can Assmann’s theory be applied to in Germany?

A

Nuremburg;

in terms of whether certain locations represent victim or perpetrator locations of heritage

113
Q

What was Nuremburg a centre of?

Why was this?

A

rallies / race laws / trials

High degree of identification between Nuremburg and National Socialism

114
Q

Why was Nuremburg an attractive location for rallies and culture

A

Location in the centre of the country

One of the oldest and most in tact town centres ; huge architectural relics

Tangible proof of difficult heritage

Idea of collective memory

115
Q

What was a defining feature of the Nuremberg rally sites? How has this influenced how their heritage has developed?

A

Nuremburg rally sites were massive in scale :
11km^2 and gradually increased

Continues to be a problem as the size of site suggests it should be used for multiple uses

116
Q

Immediately post WWII what were the Nuremburg rally sites being used for ?

A

sports grounds almost immediately post WWII
= convergence of sports and remembrance

Nazi era victims called for abandonment of leisure project

URBAN PLANNING (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions