Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

URBAN PLANNING > Fascist Italy > Flashcards

Fascist Italy Flashcards

1
Q

Names of Fascist South Rome New Towns;

A 
Littoria (1932)
Sabaudia (1934) 
Pontiana (1935) 
Aprilia (1937)
Pomezia (1939)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Characteristic features of south rome new towns;

A
  • wide avenues
  • all followed rational, distinctive plan (piano regulatore)
  • modernist buildings
  • represented Fascism’s rise out of the inhabitable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many families occupying south rome new towns by end of 1932? which town?

A

350 families

Littoria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much was spent on reclamation of marshland?

How much of this was specifically on the Pontine Marshes?

A

7billion lire in 14 years

PM = 550mil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of project can the reclamation of the marshes be described as?

A

Faustian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What previous efforts had been made to reclaim the marshes?

A

Liberal gov had tried to pass 50 laws to take control of the swampy, malaria ridden marshes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many workers were involved in the Pontine Marshes project?

A

50,000 workers involved in 1932

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was the reclamation of the mashes synonymous with?

A

with Fascist national regeneration

= creation of a perfect Fascist settlement from scratch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can architecture be described under Fascism?

A

Highly politicised and ideologically charged, yet little unity in style -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What were the new towns in the south an attempt to encourage / what type of policy were they part of?

A

Part of ruralisation policy, which sought to encourage procreation - form of spatial population management

= shows Italy’s struggle with modernity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When were pro-natalist policies introduced in Italy? What were these part of?

A

Pro-natalist policy introduced in 1927;

part of spatial population management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who considers ruralisation to actually be for the benefit of the good of the city?

A

Treves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What were the objectives of the Pontine Marshes program?

A
  • liberalise Italian property
  • solve rural - urban migration
  • reduce rural demographic decline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How was migration within Italy increasing controlled?

A

Internal colonisation (i.e Pontine Marshes) encouraging individuals to stay in rural areas

Establishment of the CMC in 1931; permits required for migration and travel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of publicity did the Pontine Marshes program receive?

A

large amounts of press; i.e Le Monde / NYT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name of the Piazza where the most destruction occurred?

What was maintained here?

When did destruction on a mass scale begin?

A

Piazza Venezia

Theatre of Marcellus was retained as the symbolic structure

1926

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who won the completion for Fascist Party HQ?

How long did the competition take

A

Del Debbio

6 years long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1930s in Rome was a decade of

A

frenetic demolition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Although Fascism did not have a typical, unified style, what was characteristic;

A

having a piazza, as a result of the destruction of vernacular infrastructure, which framed and provided a vista for a significant, ideological monument within the urban topography

Fascist architecture was NOT a style, but the ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Italian term for ‘Making Space’

A

Sventramenti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Italian term for ‘Do not Touch’ - i.e Theatre of Marcellus

A

Noll me tangere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Quote from Mussolini on Empire;

A

‘Empire is out goal - to found cities, to colonise’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What was the objective of empire for Mussolini and the Fascsists

A
  • to foster a sense of mass Fascist identity
  • to enstill Fascist ideological values
  • sense of nationalism at home
  • opportunity to present Italy’s modernity to other nations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What years was Ethiopia occupied by the Fascists and Italy?

A

1936-41

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Chosen capital of Ethiopia ;

A

Addis Ababa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What was planning in the colonies intended to do?

A
  • emphasise hierarchies
  • standardise homeland and colony
  • impose Fascist values
  • show how Fascists can produce progress through rapidity of colonial construction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What was important about colonial planning in terms of visibility?

A

Whites were to be seen by natives, but natives not to be seen by whites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What was the colonial planning process;

A
  • colonise space
  • dehistoricise space
  • impose ideology / values
  • demographic colonisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe the Gondar;

A
  • investment banks / insurance / legal and military capital

- agricultural products and export capital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where was building concentrated in Gondar?

Why was this?

A

Fasil Ghebbi - where most building took place

Region had naturally two elevations of different heights - could use the natural topography to functionally segregate white and native population

31
Q

Gondar was a site for mass rallies, what was the name of these rallies

Give an example of a piazza where these took place

A

Adunate

Piazza del Littorio

32
Q

What was the purpose of mass rallies and sites for ADUNATE?

A

To foster sense of new imperial identity

33
Q

Why was tourism a positive for the Fascist government?

A
  • consolidation of Fascist power in Italy

- increase in patriotism

34
Q

In 1938 what was built to assist tourism?

A

Highway from Gondar to the Red Sea

35
Q

How did tourism increase patriotism?

A

sense of victory over ethiopians

opposite of the Caparreto

36
Q

What was built in Gondar to facilitate the tourism industry?

A

1938; highway to Red Sea

X2 small hotels - includes Albergo Ciara Hotel

37
Q

Two symbolic buildings constructed in Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar;

A

MILITARY BUILDINGS: appropriated from Castle; Fascist state shown to be incorporating Ethiopia into their power and authority

POST OFFICE
Ideological function - extension of imperial authority across East Africa,

38
Q

What was the plan introduced for Fasil Ghebbi?

When was this introduced?

A

Bosio’s Plan

1938

39
Q

What did Bosio’s plan seek to do?

A

wanted to relocate Ethiopians to new villages in the south, away from Ghebbi

This would create room for more party / ideology / public buildings in the centre of Ghebbi

Involved linear blocks rather than court-year centred (increased surveillance)

40
Q

How many Italians did Bosio want in Fasil Ghebbi?

Was this possible, why?

A

Wanted 20,000 Italians in Fasil Ghebbi

Ministry of Italian Africa reduced Bosio’s budget - Italy failed to recognised the high cost of colonisation

41
Q

How can you tell that there is some level of racial anxiety in Italy?

A

Italians considered segregation of towns a priority -
guarding against interracial fraternisation

Racial Laws of 1937/38;
i.e using greenbelts to segregate

42
Q

What did Gondar provide for the regime?

A

Gondar gave physical form to the values and aspirations of the regime;
normalised foreign domination > sovereign state

43
Q

Who suggested that there are multiple reasons why regimes seek to use destruction within urban planning?

A

Kostof

44
Q

Italian phrase for Italy’s defeat in WWI

A

Caparetto

45
Q

How can you tell that Italy still retained value over the agrarian in terms of the new southern towns?

A

Tribute to agrarian lifestyle; Sabaudia’s church resembles grain silo

46
Q

Way to describe Italy post 1922

A

Militaristic nationalism, highly politically and ideologically charged

Panoptic society maintained discipline

Seeking to redefine the Caparetto

47
Q

What happened to position Mussolini in power?

A

Socialists go on strike

Mussolini and the Fascist ‘Blackshirts’ March on Rome (Oct 1922)

48
Q

When was the Variante Plan imposed?

What were some of its characteristics?

A

Variante Plan 1925-26

Plan in Fascist Era for Rome - largely pre-Fascist ideas - idea of rationalising the city

  • preservation of integrity of old centre
  • decongestion
49
Q

Mussolini frequently spoke of the need to remove what type of construction?

What did this need a differentiation between;

A

Removal of ‘parasitic vernacular construction’

Required differentiation between questions of necessity and questions of grandeur

50
Q

How can the style of Fascist Italy be described

A

Largely non-committal - never materialised into a concrete program

Large amount of autonomy for architects - many competitions

Spanned the entire Aesthetic Spectrum
from RADICAL MODERNISM (RAZIONALISMO) to CONSERVATIVE CLASSICISM

51
Q

What is the Italian term for radical modernism?

A

Razionalismo

52
Q

1920s period for Fascist architecture;

A

period of modest achievement

53
Q

What was Third Rome intended to be?

A

Revival of the legacy of ancient Rome, aided by a Fascist layer

attempt to create balance of ancient Roman Past + Fascist Future

  1. centre for the italian people
  2. centre for the world
54
Q

What plan was introduced in Italy in 1931

What was its character like

A

Regulatory Plan for Rome 1931

Far more fascist in character

55
Q

Other ways of saying ‘making space’

A
  • Sventramenti

- ‘Liberating majestic monuments’

56
Q

What was used to compliment the ancient ideological monuments that were being ‘liberated’

What did this help to create

A

modest new construction which did not antagonise, but ‘framed’

Helped to create vistas conducive to Fascist vision

57
Q

Piazza which experienced notorious amount of destruction

What was preserved (noll me tangere)

A

Piazza VENEZIA

Theatre of Marcellus

58
Q

What area was basically cut off from any type of destruction or interference prior to 1930s

What changed?

A

Area surrounding the Vatican

1929 Lateran Pacts
1931 Regulatory Plan

59
Q

What would the construction of new monumental buildings do?

A

Would compromise the real Fascist conquest of the area; not conducive to the Third Rome

60
Q

Equation for the creation of a new Fascist layer

A

large scale demolitions + reconstruction of the monumental + secondary, modest framing construction

= new Fascist layer

61
Q

Term for the creation of blank space;

What was this

A

‘First Stroke of the Pickaxe”

Primo colpo di piccone

Ceremony celebrating the creation of blank space

62
Q

Who explains the nature of the ‘First Stroke of the Pickaxe’ ceremony?

What is this term in Italian?

A

Kallis

Primo Colpo di Piccone

63
Q

How did Mussolini’s ‘Third Rome’ emerge?

How did this occur?

A

In a piecemeal manner, gradually

Shied away from antagonistic statements - Fascists still demonstrated ability to penetrate and appropriate urban space

64
Q

What percentage of Pontine Marshes work was completed?

A

Only 58%

65
Q

What is often forgotten about the marshes development? Other than spatial management of populations

A

The investment into machinery / engineering

Mass investment on reclamation

66
Q

Italian term for rational urban plan

A

Piano Regolatore

67
Q

What were the piano regolatore for the new towns in the south informed upon

A

population levels

68
Q

Pace of Fascist construction clear in;

What was this a result of

A
  • Core of Sabaudia produced in only 250 days

- Government support; Mussolini a frequent visitor, much funding

69
Q

What was characteristic of Sabaudia?

A

dominated by regime institutions
i.e PNF / administration buildings

stamped ‘from above’

70
Q

What happened to religion / ideology

How was this shown?

A

Religious meaning subverted - instead assigned political / ideological significance

i. e Church in Sabaudia resembled more a grain silo than a church
i. e street names were Fascist take on history

71
Q

Who refers to the work of Italy in the colonies?

A

Fuller

72
Q

X2 examples of Italy projecting global image

A

EUR 1942: Rome (World’s Fair)

Colonisation of Ethiopia

73
Q

When was the World’s Fair? Where?

A

World’s Fair EUR 1942 - business district in the south

74
Q

What did the press praise Italian Fascism for?

What examples did they use

A

Press praised level of progress under Fascism -

Sabaudia; 250 days

Progress + development in Ethiopia

URBAN PLANNING (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions