Nazi Germany + WW2 Flashcards
what public works programmes did hitler start
large projects were financed by the Nazis such as. :
- autobahns from 1933
- 1936 berlin olympics
what effect did these public work programmes have?
- created lots of new jobs
- 1939 : unemployment free
how else did hitler reduce unemployment
- rearmament
- national labour front
national labour front
- men aged 18 to 25 served 6 months
- pay was low, work was long + boring
how were workers’ freedoms restricted
- trade unions banned
- couldn’t strike or campaign for better wages
- no. of hours increase by 15%
- serious accidents in factories >
schemes to appease workers
- Strength through joy : gave workers rewards ( such as theatre tickets or picnics )
- Beauty of Labour : encouraged factory owners to improve conditions
small business
- 20% of small businesses had to close
- rules on opening them tightened
- can’t compete with monopolies of big businesses
big businesses
- controlled 70% of production
- boosted profits or rearmament companies
- manager income increase by 50%
farmers
- felt more valued as higher reliance on them to grow domestic crops
- prices rose by 20%
- wages rose higher than industry wage
- Hereditary farm law : in debt = safe
self sufficiency
- so germany wouldn’t be dependent on imports during WW2
- scientists funded for ersatz
- 1939 : still dependent for 1/3 of raw materials
impact of social policies on women
- 3 K’s
- women shouldn’t work and instead stay home
- women should get married and have children
- women should ‘take care’ of appearance
shouldn’t work and instead stay home
1933 : banned from pro careers
- Law for Reduction of Employment : financial incentives to stay at home
- employed married women fell from 1933-36
- change of Weimar
should be married and have children
- Law for the encouragement of marriage
- mother’s cross
take care of their appearance
- traditional clothing
- discouraged women to slim
- oppressed, change from freedom
impact on children
- youth groups
- education
youth groups
- many children forced : no choice
- hitler youth : physical activities such as shooting,
- league of german maidens : domestic skills, physical
- political indoctrination and prepared them for WW2
youth group effects
- children spent more time away from family
- loyalty to state first
- new opportunities
- no choice and lack of freedom
- children of minorities excluded
education
- indoctrinate children into believing nazi ideas
- all teachers part of nazi party
- new subjects such as eugenics and racial studies
- 15% PE
- flags, textbook, salute `
why was religion a threat to hitler
- contrasting ideas
- 45 mill prot , 22 mill cath
what was the concordat?
- 1933
- agreement between hitler and catholic church
- to not get involved with each other
how did hitler restrict catholic church
- catholic schools closed
- catholic youth group banned
- 400 priests sent to camps
impact of hitler restricting catholic church?
- restricted their influence and involvement
- weren’t powerful
- attendances increased which shows they weren’t brainwashed
how did hitler restrict protestant church
- all churches merged to from reich church
- led by muller
- german christians
- nazified protestant churches with flag, mein kampf and aryan
racial policy
- aryan was superior race
- race farms were set up
- untermenschen were persecuted
untermenschen
- slavs
- roma
- jews
- homosexuals
- mentally or physically disabled
1933
- day long boycott of jewish business
1935
- nuremburg laws stopped jews being german citizens
- banned marraige between jews and non-jews
1938
- Kristallnacht
- riots throughout germany
- synoagogues smashed
significance of kristallnacht
- turning point in persecution of jews
- first widespread act of violence
- conditions would get even worse
german people living in fear
- government allowed to read people’s mail and listen to phone call
- judges biased and always made rulings in line with nazi policy
- SS and Gestapo would use violence and harsh investigations
- german people constantly controlled and monitored
german people didn’t have freedom
- couldn’t do everything that they wanted
- could only engage in nazi approved media
german propaganda
- simple ideas such as Fuhrer cult
- anti semitic messages
- patriotic and traditional
- media ( radio , posters )
- display
opposition to Nazis
- White Rose group,
- Swing Youth,
- Edelweiss Pirates and
- July 1944 bomb plot.
ways in which ww2 affected german population
- workforce
- rationing
- bombing
workforce
- after 1939, women were expected to work or join. the army
- 1944 : 50% women
- children as young as 15 having to join army
- change from oppression
rationing
- by 1942, civilians living on bread, and potatoes
- quality of diet had decreased
- led to malnutrition and starvation
- decreasing rations, less tha british
bombing
- incendiary bombs which caused huge fires. dresden and hamburg
- 0.5 million killed, many more homeless
- loss of morale
- no shelter, growing refugees
