Health and the People - Early Modern Flashcards
1
Q
edward jenner
A
- developed the first ever vaccine to cure smallpox
- tested theory in 1796
- injected a small boy with pus from sores of milkmaid with cowpox
2
Q
how much money did parliament give jenner to open a vaccination clinic and when?
A
1802 - 10K pounds
3
Q
when was vaccination made compulsory for infants?
A
1852
4
Q
Louis Pasteur
A
- Germ Theory
- 1861
- germs caused disease
5
Q
popular beliefs at time
A
- miasma
- ## spontaneous generation
6
Q
how did Pateur prove his theroy
A
- open flask experiment
7
Q
Koch
A
- used dyes to identify microbes
- linked disease to specific microbe
- identified bacteria that causes TB
- used scientific method : agar jelly
8
Q
Pasteur vaccine
A
- developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies in 1881
9
Q
other microbe hunters
A
Loeffler : diphtheria
Ronald Ross : malaria ( 1902 )
10
Q
Ehrlich
A
- first magic bullet ( Salvarsan 606 )
- chemical that acted as synthetic antibody
- for sphylis
11
Q
which institution set training standards for surgeons
A
Royal College of Surgeons ( 1800 )
12
Q
who was Hunter
A
- army surgeon
- encouraged better approaches to surgery
- learning about body , experimenting , testing on animals
13
Q
James Simpson
A
- discovered chloroform which is an anaesthetic
- 1847
14
Q
which year did queen vic give birth using chloroform
A
1853
15
Q
Lister
A
- discovered carbolic acid as an aseptic
- put it on instruments and bandages
- to prevent infection
16
Q
death rate decrease
A
- 50% in 1864 to 15% in 1870
17
Q
1832 cholera epidemic
A
21K killed
18
Q
1848 cholera epidemic
A
53K killed
19
Q
chadwick
A
- published chadwick’s report
- on living conditions in towns
20
Q
1848 public health act
A
- permissive
- councils didn’t have to act, only encouraged
21
Q
john snow
A
- linked cholera to contaminated water
- published theory using evidence from Broad Street
22
Q
Bazalgette
A
- built sewage system in London
- funded 3 mill to start in 1859
- opened officially in 1865
23
Q
Second Reform Act
A
- 1867
- gave 1 million more men vote, most were workers
- they could now put pressure on gov
24
Q
1875 Public Health Act
A
- compulsory
- much more effective
- raised public awareness
- improved public health a lot
25
Q
A
