Nazi Germany - Controll and Opposition

Question 1

What is the machinery of terror

Answer 1

A complex system of intimidation, intelligence gathering and policing.
Point of it was to remove any element of direct opposition to the Nazi rule and leave the rest of the population in state of fear so that they will blindly follow Nazi rules.

Question 2

Give 5 ways which made it impossible to oppose Nazi rule

Answer 2

Himler's SS
Secret Service 
Gestapo
Concentration Camps
Justice System

Question 3

How many members did the SS have by 1933

Answer 3

52,000

Question 4

When did Himler become in charge of the SS

Answer 4

1929 - transformed it into a parliamentary force

Question 5

What is the secret service

Answer 5

Way for the Nazis to monitor the German people
Several thousand volunteers
Main official intelligence force
It’s role was to identify enemies of the Nazis
Any killings done by the Gestapo

Question 6

What did the gestapo do

Answer 6

Spied on public to remove any opposition

Question 7

Who was the leader of the Gestapo

Answer 7

Goring

Question 8

How many members did the Gestapo have

Answer 8

15,000 alive officers to police a population of 66 million
Although small, they were deeply feared
Received lots of tip offs from population

Question 9

Which groups did the Gestapo focus on

Answer 9

Jews
Homosexuals
Religion

Question 10

What was the role of concentration camps

Answer 10

To concentrate those who were a threat and to separate from society

Question 11

How many sent to concentration camps

Answer 11

1933 - 7,000 set up for 45,000 communists

Many were run by the SA, but some shut down because of poor organisation and conditions

Question 12

How did the Nazis take over the justice system

Answer 12

Judges had to swear an oath to Hitler
Nazis inherited a justice system that had independent policies and judges, this meant that they could enforce any new law

40,000 sent to their deaths

Question 13

Give 5 ways in which the Nazis used propaganda

Answer 13

Newspapers
Films
Radios
Rallies
Berlin Olympics

Question 14

How did the Nazis use newspapers as propaganda

Answer 14

They took control of existing papers and closed any opposition papers down

By 1939, they owned 2/3 of all German newspapers and magazines

Controlled contents of newspapers (The Editors Law) meant that editors were personally responsible for content and not allowed to print anything which could weaken the German reich home or abroad

Question 15

How did the Nazis use radio as propaganda

Answer 15

By 1934, all national and local radio stations were incorporated into the reich radio company

The Nazis produced cheap radio sets called the people’s receivers. These were sold at a weeks wage for the average manual worker.

Question 16

How many people receivers did the Nazis sell by 1933

Answer 16

1.5 million and by 1939, 70% of Germans ad a radio, highest percentage in the world.

Question 17

How did the Nazis control the people s receiver

Answer 17

Very limited range, which meant that they were not powerful enough to pick up foreign stations

Question 18

When was the Berlin olympics

Answer 18

1936

Question 19

What happened in the Berlin olympics

Answer 19

New 100,000 seat stadium at Berlin, one of biggest in world at time

Anti semantic signs were taken down and German newspapers toned down their stories to give the impression of a Germany that was acceptable internationally

Games promoted Aryan superiority and the nearly all German-Aryan team emerged victorious.

Question 20

How many catholics and protestants were there in the church

Answer 20

22 million Catholics

40 million Protestants

Question 21

Way did Hitler see the church as a threat

Answer 21

Big number, all teaching love and forgiveness which didn’t bode well with the nazi’s beliefs

Question 22

What two measures did Hitler put in lace to control the church

Answer 22

July 1933 - Concordat, pope promised that german catholics would stay out of politics if the Nazis wold leave them alone

New reich church was set up for the protestants, pastors had to swear an oath to Hitler.

Question 23

How did Hitler ini fire with both churches

Answer 23

1936, all church youth groups were stopped

1939, nearly all church schools had been closed and arrests of priests that spoke out against the Nazi’s started to increase, leading to more resistance.

Question 24

Give one priest that opposed to the Nazi policies

Answer 24

Martin Niemöller
Became on elf the most prominent critics of the Nazi’s

Preached against nazi racial policy

Founded an alternative church to the reich church

By 1934, 6000 pastors had joined with only 2000 in the reich church

Over 800 were arrested and sent to concentration camps including him

Question 25

What youth groups opposed the Nazis

Answer 25

Young Communists
Christians
Swing kids
Edelweiss Pirates

Question 26

What did the communists do to go against the Nazis

Answer 26

Aimed to provide visible resistance with meetings, propaganda and messages

One of these newspapers was the Red flag which sold over 10,000 copies a month, however this meant that they were easily identified and quickly arrested by the Gestapo

Question 27

What did the Edelweiss pirates do to provide resistance

Answer 27

All members wore an Edelweiss flower on them. Some listened to foreign radio stations and spread news. They produced flyers and painted slogans on walls. Some actively picked fights with the Hitler youth group