Nazi Control Of Germany

Question 1

Describe the Police State

Answer 1

Used terror to control German People

Nazi Germany was a police state

They had to arrest people before they had committed crimes

Drew up lists of people “enemies of the state”
Gave lists to Gestapo

Question 2

Describe the SS (Schutzstaffel)

Answer 2

Part of SA

Hitler a personal bodyguard

After night of the long Knives they were a very powerful force in Germany

Three sections:

• security
• top units in the army
• Deaths Head units ran concentration camps

1936 SS took control of Gestapo

Question 3

Describe the Gestapo

Answer 3

Secret Sate police

Rounded up anyone that was a threat to Nazi State

Used torture to gain confessions

Only about 40,000 Gestapo to control 80 million people

Power- informers and special agents

People inform on others- committed Nazis or spite

Question 4

Describe the concentration camps

Answer 4

First- Dachau

Political opponents- communists and trade unions sent to camps

Homosexuals, gypsies, criminals and work shy

Work shy- unemployed who refused to take a job offered by the Nazis

Harsh and brutal camps that scared Germans into do as they were told

Question 5

State the five ways Nazis caused fear and terror

Answer 5

Police State

The SS

The Gestapo

The Concentration Camps

The Justice System

Question 6

Describe the Justice system

Answer 6

In a democracy the law protects ordinary people

Hitler changed this- Peoples Court

Court individuals were tried for speaking out against Hitler and the regime

All judges and lawyers were Nazis

Question 7

State the different oppositions to the Nazis

Answer 7

Difficult to oppose the Nazis as they had a stronghold on all aspects of German life

Political opposition- Communists +Social democrats

Churches- Catholic +Protestant

The Army

Question 8

Describe the Political opposition to the Nazis

Answer 8

Communists + Social democrats

They refused to work to gather because of Spartacists revolt

Little effective opposition

Hitler used the Enabling act- banned Communists and Social democrats- leaders arrested and put in prison, trade unions banned

Within the Nazi party opposition from the SA + leaders eliminated on the night of the long knives

Question 9

Describe the Churches opposition to the Nazis was prevented and why th church liked the Nazis + ideas

Answer 9

Hitler made an agreement with the Church

As they were afraid of communism- communists country- religion banned

Sympathy with Nazi ideas- disliked Jews, homosexuals and anti- social acts

Question 10

Describe the Catholic Churches agreement with the Nazis

Answer 10

Pope signed an agreement with Hitler

If church did not become involved with politics and did not criticise Nazis then Hitler would keep its schools and youth organisations

Nazis would not interfere with religion

Catholic schools and youth organisations were closed down, if priests objected- concentration camps

Hitler did not attack church due to worldwide status

Question 11

Describe the Protestant churches situation due to Nazis

Answer 11

Not a United group- difficult to resist Nazis

Control Protestant church- Reich Church, Mein Kampf replaced bible

Protestant youth replaced with Hitler youth

Set up Confessional church (Protestant ministers)- Nazis banned this and they were sent to concentration camps

Question 12

Describe the army’s potential opposition to the army- how it was prevented

Answer 12

Could have opposed Hitler

Night of the long knives ensured they did not

Each member swore an oath of loyalty to Hitler

Question 13

Describe the Persecution of the Jews

Answer 13

During the Middle Ages most European countries took away their rights, expelled or executed them

Jealous of economic success

Gave full rights back during 19th and 20th century

Weimar Republic- citizens in every respect

Hitler blamed them for Germanys deafest in WW1, Jewish businessmen plotting to take over the world And should not mix with superior race

Question 14

Describe the persecution of the Jews between 1933 and 1935

Answer 14

Boycott of Jewish shops- SA prevented customers

Jews to give up their jobs in civil service, banned from being lawyers removed from healthcare

Signs- no Jews wanted

Cannot inherit land

Not allowed in army
Banned from public spaces

Numbers laws- deprived them of citizenship and right to vote, special identity papers

Marriages between Jews and non Jews banned, could not employ female German citizens under 45

Question 15

Describe the persecution of Jews between 1936 and 37

Answer 15

Persecution reduced- Olympic Games (Berlin) many foreign visitors- did not want a. Bad impression

Businesses owned by Jews- taken away

Question 16

Describe the persecution of the Jews in 1938

Answer 16

Less concerned about what the rest of the world thought of anti- Jewish policy

No longer choose names for children

Doctors qualifications cancelled

November- attacks- Kristallnacht/ Crystal night- 7000 shops 400 synagogues burned and 20000 Jews sent to concentration camps

Nazis- attacks weee spontaneous because German official was killed in Paris

Jews paid fine- Crystal night attacks

Jewish children could no longer go to German school- Jewish school only

Question 17

Describe the persecution of the Jews from 1939-42

Answer 17

Hitler threatened to destroy Jews

Extermination camps

All Jew Dover 6 had to wear yellow star with Jew on it

Thirst mass gassing of Jews- Auschwitz concentration camp

Question 18

Was there escape from Germany for the Jews?

Answer 18

Wanted the Jews Hitler wanted Jews put- made life difficult hoping- emigration

Many did

150000.Jews left Germany 1933-1938

Unable to take money or possessions

Government forced emigration

150000 Jews thrown out

WW2- technology developed to murder millions- 6 million Jews deliberately wiped out ( end of third Reich)