Navigation Flashcards
What is 1 degree of latitude in nautical miles?
60nm
What is 1 minute of latitude in nautical mile?
1 nautical mile
What is 1 nautical mile in kilometres?
1.852km
What is the fuel we expect to consume in flight?
Flight fuel
What is fixed reserve?
Fixed number of gallons or litres to be added to flight fuel
What is variable reserve?
Operators require flight fuel to be increase by Fixed percentage (usually 15%)
What is ‘minimum fuel’?
Minimum fuel can be found by multiplying flight fuel by 1.15 and adding fixed reserve and taxi fuel
What is the arc time relationship for: 360 degrees, 15 degrees, 1 degree, 15’, 1’?
360 degrees = 24 hours 15 degrees = 1hour 1 degrees = 4minutes 15minutes = 1minute 1minute = 4 seconds
What is EST to UTC.?
-10
UTC to est is +10
Tas,vic,nsw,qld
What is CST to UTC?
-9.5hrs
UTC to CST +9.5
Sa,nt
What is WST to UTC?
-8hours
UTC to WST +8
Wa
When is beginning of daylight?
When centre of sun reaches a position of 6degrees below the celestial horizon
When is end of daylight?
When sun reaches 6 degrees below celestial horizon
What is ‘track’?
Actual path of aircraft across ground or map
What is a ‘heading?’
Direction aircraft points along particular track
Headings and tracks are expressed in what? Magnetic or true?
Magnetic
What is drift?
Angular difference between heading held and the track
What factors affect drift?
Strength of wind
Wind direction
TAS of the aircraft
How do you find QNH at aerodrome with known elevation?
Set elevation on altimeter and check subscale
When should you use the QNH?
Within 100nm of station
What do you use if there is no QNH within 100nm?
Area QNH
Levels measured from local QNH are known as what?
Altitudes
Levels measured from 1013 datum are known as what?
Flight levels
What is the highest possible altitude and lowest flight level?
A100
FL110
How do you calculate how long it will take you to travel a distance in nm?
(Distance(nm) divided by Ground speed) x 60 =minutes
How do you calculate rate of climb?
Climb height divided by how long it will take = feet/min
What is the agonic line?
Line with nil magnetic variation
What is the isogonal lines?
Lines with magnetic variation
What errors are on the ADF-NDB system?
Co channel interference Coastal refraction Thunderstorm effect Mountain effect Night effect Quadrant error
Which errors affect VOR?
Vertical polarisation Terraign error Aggregate error Ground station error Site error
What frequency does NDB use?
Medium frequency
An aircraft climbs from sea level at constant IAS in standard atmosphere, what happens to TAS and OAT as aircraft climbs?
TAS increases and OAT decreases
Area QNH has limits of plus or minus what?
5hPa
What is the formula for distance to descend?
Time to descent divided by 60 times by ground speed =nm
What is track error?
(60 / distance travelled) x distance off track
What is calculated angle?
(60 / distance to go) x distance off track