Flight Planning Flashcards
What documents must you for flights proceeding outside Australia?
Certificate of airworthiness Certificate of registration Radio equipment licence Passenger list with embarkation and destination details Cargo bill of loading and cargo manifest
What documents must be carried during flight within Australia?
Air flight manual
Flight crew licences and Medicals
Maintenance release
What is in the aircraft flight manual?
General aircraft particulars Limitations Emergency procedures Normal procedures Performance Weight and balance/equipment Aeroplane and system descriptions Handling service and maintenance Supplements
All aircraft must be registered unless the aircraft?
Is a foreign aircraft
Is not intended to be used as an aircraft (museum)
What are the categories of the certificate of airworthiness?
Normal Utility Aerobatic Commuter Transport
What is the typical maintenance schedule for an aircraft?
Major inspections every 3 years
Inspections every 100hours
25 or 50 hours inspection
Daily inspection
When must the maintenance release be referred to and when just it be carried?
Before every flight
Carried during flight
Can a maintenance release be given without a certificate of airworthiness?
No
What are the three sections of the maintenance release?
General aircraft information and scheduled maintenance
Endorsements and clearing endorsements
Daily inspection certificate and aircraft total time in service (TTIS)
Who must sign off on the maintenance release?
PPL for their flight only
CPL or higher for the entire day
What is bending loads?
Attempt to lift the wing above the wing roots
What is torsional loads?
Forces act to twist the ends of the structure in the opposite direction
What is Vs stalling speed?
The lowest speed at which a load factor of 1 is possible
What is Vs1.
Stall speed with flaps and gear up indicated by bottom of green arc
48 knots
What is Vs0?
Stall speed with flaps and gear down
Indicated by bottom of white arc
40 knots
What is Va?
Manoeuvring speed or maximum control deflection speed
At any IAS between Vs and Va load factor limit cannot be exceeded, no damage, stall intervenes
At speeds above Va, full application of elevator may result in structural damage/failure
Where is the Va speed marked?
Aircraft flight manual
105kts (1157kg)
98kts (998ks)
90kts (862)
What is Vno?
Normal operating speed, top of the green arc
C172 -129kts
What is Vne?
Never exceed speed
Marked by red radial line
C172 - 163 knots
What is Vb?
Turbulence penetration speed
Calculated on loads imposed by vertical gusts at 3000ft/min acting on the aircraft
If flying in turbulent conditions, fly below the Vb
What is Vle?
Landing gear extension speed
What is Vlo?
Maximum landing gear operating speed.
Usually the same as vle
Stated in afm or placarded in cockpit
What is Vfe?
Maximum flap extension speed.
Top of the white arc
Flap 10 -110kts
Flap 20 -85kts
What is the ISA and what rate does it drop?
1013.2hPa
Drops 1 hPa for each 30ft of height increase above sea level
What is the standard temperature at sea level and at what rate does it change?
15C
2C for each 1000ft height increase
If you set your QNH knob to 1013 what will it read?
Pressure height of your location
What is elevation?
Height of point above mean sea level
What is the formula for pressure height?
Elevation + (1013 - QNH) x 30
What is the formula for calculating ISA temperature?
15C - (2C/1000ft)
How do you calculate density height?
PH + (ISA DEVIATION x 120)
What are ambient conditions?
Atmospheric temperature, pressure and wind conditions prevailing at aerodrome during period of 15mins preceding takeoff
What are forecast conditions?
Atmospheric temperature and pressure conditions forecast for aerodrome of destination and alternate (if applicable) by authorised meteorological officer within 1 hour of take off within Australia or 2 hours for international
What is effective length of runway?
Length of runway usable for take off or landing
What is a stop way?
Rectangle area at end of each runway centrally located about extended centreline of associated runway.
Approved as suitable are in which aircraft may be stopped after interrupted takeoff
What is a clear way?
Rectangle area at the end of the runway centrally located about extended centre line of associated runway approved as suitable area for aircraft to continue to climb to minimum height required to establish obstacle clearance
What is take off distance available?
Distance specified as being effective operational length available for use by aircraft for take off. May include clear way or stopway
What is landing distance available?
Effective operational length available for landing. Commences at threshold and most cases is the same as physical length of runway
What is the takeoff distance required?
Distance to accelerate from standing start to height of 50 ft above take off surface reaching take off safety speed, with all engine operating multiplied by 1.15
What is landing distance required?
Distance required from point where aircraft first reaches 50ft above landing surface until complete stop multiplied by 1.15
What is accelerated stop distance available?
Distanced as being effective operational length of runway available for aircraft executing interrupted take off an day include stopway
What is take off safety speed (TOSS)?
IAS aircraft should be at 50ft above runway.
Not less that 1.2 Vs1
Must give climb performance 6% or greater with gear extended! out of ground effect and engines at take off power
What is approach speed?
Landing approach speed shall not be less than 1.3Vso
What is Takeoff climb performance?
Must achieve climb gradient of 6 % without ground effect, all engines operating at take off power
What is En route climb performance?
Single engine aircraft must have ability to climb at gradient of 4.5% at airspeed not less than 1.2vs at all heights up to 5000ft
What factors affect take off performance?
Temperature (hotter air = thinner air = performance decrease)
Pressure (QNH low, performance decrease)
Elevation (higher elevation = decrease performance)
Humidity (humidity increase = decrease performance)
What is basic empty weight?
Weight of aircraft including unusable fuel and full oil
What is empty weight?
Weight of aircraft including unusable fuel and undesirable oil
What is Zero fuel weight?
Gross weight of aircraft excluding all useable fuel in wing tanks
What is ramp weight?
Weight of aircraft at startup
What is takeoff weight?
Weight of aircraft at start of takeoff run
What is landing weight?
Weight of the aircraft immediately prior to touchdown
Why is an overweight aircraft dangerous?
Increases the stall speed
Gives poorer climb performance
Increases take off distance
Why are weight limitations imposed?
Structural weight limits and performance weight limits must not be exceeded
What is maximum take off weight?
Maximum permissible weight according to CoA at which aircraft is able to safely take off.
What is maximum landing weight?
Prevents excessive load on undercarriage during touchdown.
For many light aircraft (c172) same as mtow
What is maximum zero fuel weight?
Imposes limits to prevents excessive stresses placed on wings by upward life loads.
What is centre of gravity?
Point where weight is said to act
Along longitudinal axis
Depends on how aircraft is loaded
Must be within certain range for aircraft to be in control and stable
What is a moment?
The tendency of a rigid body to rotate about a point
Moment = Force x Arm
What is 1kg in pounds for the bravo charts?
2.2lbs
