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2nd Developmental > nature vs nurture > Flashcards

nature vs nurture Flashcards

1
Q

what is the tabula rassa?

A

-latin ‘ blank slate/stone’
child is blank writing block to be filled with info
-created by John Locke

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2
Q

who is john locke?

A

an empiricist = based work on evidence and observation
- viewed cs as a blank state (tabula rasa)
through social interactions you learn:
speech
emotions
morals
exist within society

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3
Q

who is jean-jacques rousseau?

A
  • interested in lockes work
  • saw society as the thing that corrupted a child
  • children are born angelic
  • the noble savage= good child who becomes corrupt by society
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4
Q

how do philospohy perspectives contribute to modern perspective of early childhood?

A

believe early experiences are important

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5
Q

is nature nurture a continuum?

A

oui

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6
Q

the view that many skills or abilities are ‘native’ or hard wired into the brain at birth, the result of genetic inheritance is called _____

A

nativism

= nature

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7
Q

the view that humans are not born with built-in ‘core knowledge’ or mental content and that all knowledge or mental content and all knowledge results from learning and experience is called ______

A

empiricism

= nurture

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8
Q

is IQ nature or nurture?

A

both

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9
Q

if a child of 5 can solve a problem a 7 year old could = mental age is _____ than their chronological age
= binet

A

higher

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10
Q

if a childs mental age is lower than their chronological age then they’re ______to have learning difficulties at school
= binet

A

likely

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11
Q

____ produced the intelligence quotient

A

stern

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12
Q

what is general intelligence?

always a lower case ‘g’

A 
a collection of abilities
= verbal abilities
= problem solving
= memory
etc
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13
Q

regarding heritability of IQ, there is an IQ gap of _________between black and white children

= jensen

A

15-18points

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14
Q

when correlating IQs of monozygotic (identical) twins its about ____
= same environment

A

0.87

= very high

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15
Q

when correlating IQ dizygotic (fraternal) twins who share half their genes there is a correlation of ______ raised apart

A

0.75

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16
Q

there is __________regarding a specific gene which is strongly associated with cog ability

A

missing heritability

= failure to find genes associated with a cog ability

17
Q

do we know that IQ has a high heritability component ?

A

yes

18
Q

we know ____ % of the variation in populations IQ is accounted for by genetics
(western world)

A

50%

19
Q

children who are breastfed are ___ and develop a ______ IQ

A

healthier
higher

= because of fatty acids in breast milk

  • is a gene involved with the control of fatty acids
  • a variant of this gene allows breastfed children to score 7pts higher on IQ tests
20
Q

what did the minnesota transracial adoption study show regarding IQ?

A

= black or interracial children who were adopted by white advantaged families

  • at 7yrs black and interracial children scored above white average
  • at 17yrs IQ scores for all groups lower but difference remained
21
Q

what is the flynn effect?

A

environmental effects on cognitive development

22
Q

are IQ rates increasing per decade meaning we need to re-standardise every few years to account for this in western societies?

A

yes

23
Q

what are the reasons that there could be increasing IQ s ?

A

1) smaller family size = more time spent with individual children
2) improvements in education
3) development of technology to support learning
4) changes in diet

24
Q

Is the flynn effect reducing in the UK and increasing in China and India?

A

yes

= they are starting to improve

25
Q

poverty and malnutrition have a ______ effect on childrens development

A

negative

26
Q

children who have an inadequate diet have _____ brain development

A

reduced

27
Q

children living in poverty do not have structural brain differences to those from a higher SES family

A

false

they do have structural brain differences

28
Q

what is sure start?

A

a guidance for health and nutrition for parents, along with behviour

29
Q

what is in sure start?

A
  • guidance on health and nutrition
  • improve child behaviour through parent- child interactions
  • setting expectations, limits, and consistent strategies for behaviour management and non-compliance in children
30
Q

The UK, Korea and the USA have all seen benefits of schemes like the sure start

A

true

2nd Developmental (7 decks)

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