nature vs nurture Flashcards
what is the tabula rassa?
-latin ‘ blank slate/stone’
child is blank writing block to be filled with info
-created by John Locke
who is john locke?
an empiricist = based work on evidence and observation
- viewed cs as a blank state (tabula rasa)
through social interactions you learn:
speech
emotions
morals
exist within society
who is jean-jacques rousseau?
- interested in lockes work
- saw society as the thing that corrupted a child
- children are born angelic
- the noble savage= good child who becomes corrupt by society
how do philospohy perspectives contribute to modern perspective of early childhood?
believe early experiences are important
is nature nurture a continuum?
oui
the view that many skills or abilities are ‘native’ or hard wired into the brain at birth, the result of genetic inheritance is called _____
nativism
= nature
the view that humans are not born with built-in ‘core knowledge’ or mental content and that all knowledge or mental content and all knowledge results from learning and experience is called ______
empiricism
= nurture
is IQ nature or nurture?
both
if a child of 5 can solve a problem a 7 year old could = mental age is _____ than their chronological age
= binet
higher
if a childs mental age is lower than their chronological age then they’re ______to have learning difficulties at school
= binet
likely
____ produced the intelligence quotient
stern
what is general intelligence?
always a lower case ‘g’
a collection of abilities = verbal abilities = problem solving = memory etc
regarding heritability of IQ, there is an IQ gap of _________between black and white children
= jensen
15-18points
when correlating IQs of monozygotic (identical) twins its about ____
= same environment
0.87
= very high
when correlating IQ dizygotic (fraternal) twins who share half their genes there is a correlation of ______ raised apart
0.75
there is __________regarding a specific gene which is strongly associated with cog ability
missing heritability
= failure to find genes associated with a cog ability
do we know that IQ has a high heritability component ?
yes
we know ____ % of the variation in populations IQ is accounted for by genetics
(western world)
50%
children who are breastfed are ___ and develop a ______ IQ
healthier
higher
= because of fatty acids in breast milk
- is a gene involved with the control of fatty acids
- a variant of this gene allows breastfed children to score 7pts higher on IQ tests
what did the minnesota transracial adoption study show regarding IQ?
= black or interracial children who were adopted by white advantaged families
- at 7yrs black and interracial children scored above white average
- at 17yrs IQ scores for all groups lower but difference remained
what is the flynn effect?
environmental effects on cognitive development
are IQ rates increasing per decade meaning we need to re-standardise every few years to account for this in western societies?
yes
what are the reasons that there could be increasing IQ s ?
1) smaller family size = more time spent with individual children
2) improvements in education
3) development of technology to support learning
4) changes in diet
Is the flynn effect reducing in the UK and increasing in China and India?
yes
= they are starting to improve
poverty and malnutrition have a ______ effect on childrens development
negative
children who have an inadequate diet have _____ brain development
reduced
children living in poverty do not have structural brain differences to those from a higher SES family
false
they do have structural brain differences
what is sure start?
a guidance for health and nutrition for parents, along with behviour
what is in sure start?
- guidance on health and nutrition
- improve child behaviour through parent- child interactions
- setting expectations, limits, and consistent strategies for behaviour management and non-compliance in children
The UK, Korea and the USA have all seen benefits of schemes like the sure start
true
