eyewitness testimony Flashcards
what is encoding?
how info is stored in mem
_______ is based on limited attentional resources
encoding
what factors may affect encoding of a memory?
- prior knowledge of the event
- the duration of the event
- repetition of the event
- stress (cortisol) levels at the time of the event affecting successful encoding of mem
encoded items go into________
short term memory
What do encoded items in STM have to survive in order to pass into LTM?
- limited capacity & rehearsal
- repetition
- intervening experiences
Motivation to recall, desire to cooperate with questioner and understanding what is important to recall can all ______ and _______ recall
enhance and inhibit
The ability to identify (recognise), after witnessing an event or learning a list of items, any details or items that were present during the event or in the list
recognition
______ is where personal events are stored
episodic memory
________ is essentially general knowledge, facts, places, names, words
semantic memory
______ activating a stored memory is known as synergistic ecphory
Retrieval cues
who identified the differences experimentally betwen semantic and episodic memory
tulving 83
development of knowledge =
development of memory
what are scripts?
generalised event representations = schank & abelson 77
There is a ____ for each expectation in an event.
This leads to automatic expectations for slots to be filled when recalling an event
When asked to recall an event with a weak memory trace we may use a _______ as a template to remember the event and fill in the gaps in our memory of parts of the event
This could include filling in slots that should be empty
script
When asked to recall an event with a weak memory trace we may use a _______ as a template to remember the event and fill in the gaps in our memory of parts of the event
script
If your journey is highly _____ with your script-based knowledge, you are likely to retrieve it accurately
If there is a _____ between expectations and actual events, this may be resolved by expectation used to guide your memory of the event, preventing accurate recall
congruent
mismatch
Do scripts develop with age?
yes
do young children have scripts for recurring events?
yes
_____ age cs are more vulnerable to the neg effects of script- based knowledge than ________ age children
preschool
elementary school
are preschool children able to differentiate between a special event and a scripted event?
no
as children get older they’re able to identify special events. younger children may incorportate these into their ______
scripts
____ is related to encoding of memories
language development
what is rehearsal?
repetition
what is organisation?
grouping into meaningful chunks of information
what is ellaboration?
visual or verbal connections between words.
linking with images in the paired associate task = beuring and kee 87
______ is the influence of social and cognitive factors on encoding, storage and retrieval of memories
suggestibility
What two things can mean that childrens EWT can be false?
1) lying
= intentially changing truth due to inability to remember events
2) conforming
= unintentially distoring the truth about an event they don’t remember
strength of a memory improves with ____
this may or may not be linked to age
repetition
younger children do not have a _____ for cheating.
Thus are ____susceptible to videos that do not contain cheating and report cheating ____ times than older children
script
less
fewer
do children have a mechanism to protect themselves leading to a stronger memory for serious events?
yes
children are ____ suggestible when talking about inappropriate touching or sexual abuse
not very
children not be suggestible thus cannot lead to wrongful convictions
false
what is source monitoring?
The ability o identify the sources of beliefs accurately
If a child remembers an event as it happens- opposed to how an interviewer poses questions, they will be ______ suggestible
This is a form of _____
less
source monitoring
what do studies that investigate source monitoring consider?
retrieval cues
highlighting sources of knowledge
post-event misinformation
do children want to comply with and please adults?
yes
children deal with the pressure of court rooms well/leading questions, meaning they never conform to end a stressful situation
false
children are not susceptible to demand characteristics in court
false
children are susceptible to suggestibility depending on..
age, knowledge, questioning by adults, and scripts
does the research into suggestibility in the courtroom show ecological validity of results ?
yes
___ are used to remember events, but can lead to details becoming misremembered
scripts
