eyewitness testimony Flashcards

1
Q

what is encoding?

A

how info is stored in mem

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2
Q

_______ is based on limited attentional resources

A

encoding

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3
Q

what factors may affect encoding of a memory?

A
  • prior knowledge of the event
  • the duration of the event
  • repetition of the event
  • stress (cortisol) levels at the time of the event affecting successful encoding of mem
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4
Q

encoded items go into________

A

short term memory

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5
Q

What do encoded items in STM have to survive in order to pass into LTM?

A
  • limited capacity & rehearsal
  • repetition
  • intervening experiences
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6
Q

Motivation to recall, desire to cooperate with questioner and understanding what is important to recall can all ______ and _______ recall

A

enhance and inhibit

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7
Q

The ability to identify (recognise), after witnessing an event or learning a list of items, any details or items that were present during the event or in the list

A

recognition

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8
Q

______ is where personal events are stored

A

episodic memory

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9
Q

________ is essentially general knowledge, facts, places, names, words

A

semantic memory

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10
Q

______ activating a stored memory is known as synergistic ecphory

A

Retrieval cues

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11
Q

who identified the differences experimentally betwen semantic and episodic memory

A

tulving 83

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12
Q

development of knowledge =

A

development of memory

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13
Q

what are scripts?

A

generalised event representations = schank & abelson 77

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14
Q

There is a ____ for each expectation in an event.
This leads to automatic expectations for slots to be filled when recalling an event
When asked to recall an event with a weak memory trace we may use a _______ as a template to remember the event and fill in the gaps in our memory of parts of the event
This could include filling in slots that should be empty

A

script

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15
Q

When asked to recall an event with a weak memory trace we may use a _______ as a template to remember the event and fill in the gaps in our memory of parts of the event

A

script

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16
Q

If your journey is highly _____ with your script-based knowledge, you are likely to retrieve it accurately
If there is a _____ between expectations and actual events, this may be resolved by expectation used to guide your memory of the event, preventing accurate recall

A

congruent

mismatch

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17
Q

Do scripts develop with age?

18
Q

do young children have scripts for recurring events?

19
Q

_____ age cs are more vulnerable to the neg effects of script- based knowledge than ________ age children

A

preschool

elementary school

20
Q

are preschool children able to differentiate between a special event and a scripted event?

21
Q

as children get older they’re able to identify special events. younger children may incorportate these into their ______

22
Q

____ is related to encoding of memories

A

language development

23
Q

what is rehearsal?

A

repetition

24
Q

what is organisation?

A

grouping into meaningful chunks of information

25
what is ellaboration?
visual or verbal connections between words. | linking with images in the paired associate task = beuring and kee 87
26
______ is the influence of social and cognitive factors on encoding, storage and retrieval of memories
suggestibility
27
What two things can mean that childrens EWT can be false?
1) lying = intentially changing truth due to inability to remember events 2) conforming = unintentially distoring the truth about an event they don't remember
28
strength of a memory improves with ____ | this may or may not be linked to age
repetition
29
younger children do not have a _____ for cheating. | Thus are ____susceptible to videos that do not contain cheating and report cheating ____ times than older children
script less fewer
30
do children have a mechanism to protect themselves leading to a stronger memory for serious events?
yes
31
children are ____ suggestible when talking about inappropriate touching or sexual abuse
not very
32
children not be suggestible thus cannot lead to wrongful convictions
false
33
what is source monitoring?
The ability o identify the sources of beliefs accurately
34
If a child remembers an event as it happens- opposed to how an interviewer poses questions, they will be ______ suggestible This is a form of _____
less | source monitoring
35
what do studies that investigate source monitoring consider?
retrieval cues highlighting sources of knowledge post-event misinformation
36
do children want to comply with and please adults?
yes
37
children deal with the pressure of court rooms well/leading questions, meaning they never conform to end a stressful situation
false
38
children are not susceptible to demand characteristics in court
false
39
children are susceptible to suggestibility depending on..
age, knowledge, questioning by adults, and scripts
40
does the research into suggestibility in the courtroom show ecological validity of results ?
yes
41
___ are used to remember events, but can lead to details becoming misremembered
scripts