eyewitness testimony

Question 1

what is encoding?

Answer 1

how info is stored in mem

Question 2

_______ is based on limited attentional resources

Answer 2

encoding

Question 3

what factors may affect encoding of a memory?

Answer 3

• prior knowledge of the event
• the duration of the event
• repetition of the event
• stress (cortisol) levels at the time of the event affecting successful encoding of mem

Question 4

encoded items go into________

Answer 4

short term memory

Question 5

What do encoded items in STM have to survive in order to pass into LTM?

Answer 5

• limited capacity & rehearsal
• repetition
• intervening experiences

Question 6

Motivation to recall, desire to cooperate with questioner and understanding what is important to recall can all ______ and _______ recall

Answer 6

enhance and inhibit

Question 7

The ability to identify (recognise), after witnessing an event or learning a list of items, any details or items that were present during the event or in the list

Answer 7

recognition

Question 8

______ is where personal events are stored

Answer 8

episodic memory

Question 9

________ is essentially general knowledge, facts, places, names, words

Answer 9

semantic memory

Question 10

______ activating a stored memory is known as synergistic ecphory

Answer 10

Retrieval cues

Question 11

who identified the differences experimentally betwen semantic and episodic memory

Answer 11

tulving 83

Question 12

development of knowledge =

Answer 12

development of memory

Question 13

what are scripts?

Answer 13

generalised event representations = schank & abelson 77

Question 14

There is a ____ for each expectation in an event.
This leads to automatic expectations for slots to be filled when recalling an event
When asked to recall an event with a weak memory trace we may use a _______ as a template to remember the event and fill in the gaps in our memory of parts of the event
This could include filling in slots that should be empty

Answer 14

script

Question 15

When asked to recall an event with a weak memory trace we may use a _______ as a template to remember the event and fill in the gaps in our memory of parts of the event

Answer 15

script

Question 16

If your journey is highly _____ with your script-based knowledge, you are likely to retrieve it accurately
If there is a _____ between expectations and actual events, this may be resolved by expectation used to guide your memory of the event, preventing accurate recall

Answer 16

congruent

mismatch

Question 17

Do scripts develop with age?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

do young children have scripts for recurring events?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

_____ age cs are more vulnerable to the neg effects of script- based knowledge than ________ age children

Answer 19

preschool

elementary school

Question 20

are preschool children able to differentiate between a special event and a scripted event?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

as children get older they’re able to identify special events. younger children may incorportate these into their ______

Answer 21

scripts

Question 22

____ is related to encoding of memories

Answer 22

language development

Question 23

what is rehearsal?

Answer 23

repetition

Question 24

what is organisation?

Answer 24

grouping into meaningful chunks of information

Question 25

what is ellaboration?

Answer 25

visual or verbal connections between words.

linking with images in the paired associate task = beuring and kee 87

Question 26

______ is the influence of social and cognitive factors on encoding, storage and retrieval of memories

Answer 26

suggestibility

Question 27

What two things can mean that childrens EWT can be false?

Answer 27

1) lying
= intentially changing truth due to inability to remember events
2) conforming
= unintentially distoring the truth about an event they don’t remember

Question 28

strength of a memory improves with ____

this may or may not be linked to age

Answer 28

repetition

Question 29

younger children do not have a _____ for cheating.

Thus are ____susceptible to videos that do not contain cheating and report cheating ____ times than older children

Answer 29

script
less
fewer

Question 30

do children have a mechanism to protect themselves leading to a stronger memory for serious events?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

children are ____ suggestible when talking about inappropriate touching or sexual abuse

Answer 31

not very

Question 32

children not be suggestible thus cannot lead to wrongful convictions

Answer 32

false

Question 33

what is source monitoring?

Answer 33

The ability o identify the sources of beliefs accurately

Question 34

If a child remembers an event as it happens- opposed to how an interviewer poses questions, they will be ______ suggestible
This is a form of _____

Answer 34

less

source monitoring

Question 35

what do studies that investigate source monitoring consider?

Answer 35

retrieval cues
highlighting sources of knowledge
post-event misinformation

Question 36

do children want to comply with and please adults?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

children deal with the pressure of court rooms well/leading questions, meaning they never conform to end a stressful situation

Answer 37

false

Question 38

children are not susceptible to demand characteristics in court

Answer 38

false

Question 39

children are susceptible to suggestibility depending on..

Answer 39

age, knowledge, questioning by adults, and scripts

Question 40

does the research into suggestibility in the courtroom show ecological validity of results ?

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

___ are used to remember events, but can lead to details becoming misremembered

Answer 41

scripts