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2nd Developmental > ADHD > Flashcards

ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

ADHD is a developmental disorder

A

true

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2
Q

Can ADHD continue to adulthood?

A

yes

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3
Q

can you still live a normal life with ADHD?

A

yes

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4
Q

what is atypical development?

A

when there is either :

1) a delay in the emergence of a partic behaviour
2) a child presents differently

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5
Q

what is a developmental disorder?

A

one that begins in early years, can be in one area or several areas

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6
Q

can developmental disorders continue through adult life ?

A

yes

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7
Q

developmental disorders cannot decline with age

A

false

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8
Q

_____ is the worldwide prevalence for c with ADHD

A

5%

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9
Q

what is the classification of symptoms of ADHD from DSM-V?

A
  • either inattention or hyperactivity or both
  • several symptoms before 12 yrs
  • present in more than one location e.g. school, home
  • symptoms interfereing w quality of social, academic or occupational functioning
  • symptoms not exclusive to another disorder (scz) and not better explained by another disorder (mood, anxiety, personality, substance or withdrawal from substances)
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10
Q

how many symptoms and for how long do they need to persist in inattention and hyperactivity and impassivity until diagnosis?

A

6 + of following symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree thats inconsistent w developmental level and that neg impacts directly on social and academic occupational activities

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11
Q

Inattention +hyperactivity & impulsiveness:

for older adolescents and adults _______ at least 5 symptoms are required

A

17 and older

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12
Q

____ to give close attention to details/careless mistakes in school

A

fails

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13
Q

what are the additional co-morbidity diseases associated with ADHD?

A
  • motor coordination
  • IQ
  • Academic attainment
  • sleep
  • social issues
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14
Q

are ADHD suffers more likely to be less or better coordinated?

A

less

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15
Q

what are the additional co-morbidity diseases associated with ADHD?

A
  • motor coordination (less)
  • IQ (less)
  • Academic attainment (perform less well)
  • sleep (more disturbances, longer fall asleep but need less sleep)
  • social issues (less friends)
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16
Q

are ADHD suffer likely to have a higher IQ?

A

no as links suggest that inattention during learning acts as a barrier

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17
Q

are ADHD suffers likely to have better academic attainment?

A
  • no
  • less ready for schooling
  • perform less well at knowing numbers, colours and shapes
  • unclear if linked to ADHD or conduct disorder
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18
Q

are children with ADHD more likely to make friends?

A

-no
-play is more aggressive and less coordinated
-

19
Q

are children with ADHD more likely to make friends?

A
  • no

- play is more aggressive and less coordinated

20
Q

what are the 5 causes of ADHD?

A

1) Genes
2) Environment
3) Parents
4) diet (no def link to sugar)
5) Neuropsychology: cognitive dysregulation and delay aversion

21
Q

can ADHD be inherited?

A

yes, parents and siblings of c w ADHD have 2 to 8 fold increased risk of ADHD

22
Q

there is no link in deprived institutional care and rates of inattention and over-activity

A

FALSE

23
Q

c with ADHD have an ______ to stress. Their cortisol levels _______ following a stressor

A

atypical cortisol response
decrease

could be because poor response inhibition in the hypothalamic-pitutary-adrenal axis

24
Q

chaotic and disorganised parenting can allow development of ADHD in predisposed indivuduals?

A

true

25
Q

what is cognitive dysregualtion in neuropsychology regarding ADHD?

A

ADHD c’s behvaiour stems from lack of planning, forethought and control

26
Q

what is delay aversion iin neuropsychology regarding ADHD?

A
  • when c has control over environment they can minimise delay by acting impulsively
  • when no control, can daydream or fidget
27
Q

Treatment for ADHD is either ________ or ___________

or a combination of the two

A
  • psychosocial or behavioural intervention

- drug treatment

28
Q

what are psychosocial interventions for ADHD?

A
  • parent training
  • teacher training
  • cognitive training/behavioural
29
Q

New forest parent training programme and triple-p positive parenting programme are both ________ training

A

parent

30
Q

what does new forest parent training programme involve?

sonuga-barke et al 01

A
  • addresses core symptoms of ADHD
  • Targets key parenting skills
    4 intervention components:
    1) psycho-education
    2) parent child relationship
    3) behaviour training and limit setting
    4) attention training
31
Q

what does triple-p positive parenting programme involve?

sanders et al 00

A
  • 17 core c management strategies including
  • 10x competence and development
  • 7x limit setting and managing disruptive behaviour
32
Q

what does teacher training involve?

A
  • work with c and parents to set structure
  • set tone of what is expected behaviourally
  • speaking to child: address by name, use eyecontact, say what should be doing, clear step by step instructions
  • positive reinforcement
  • keep focus with concrete learning techniques building on their creativity
33
Q

what does behavioural training involve?

A 
setting rules
clear commands
set expectations
reward system
change techniques as child gets older
= sim to teacher training as this system should be used at home and school
34
Q

there is evidence to suggest that ADHD is due to an imbalance or lack of ________ in the brain. There may also be a lack of __________

A

dopamine

norepinephrine

35
Q

____ is related to rewards and control and ____ is related to stress

A

dopamine

norepinephrine

36
Q

is dopamine or norepinephrine related to happiness?

A

both

37
Q

what are the two uses of methamphetamine? a stimulant of the CNS

A

1) treat ADHD:
=stimulates the CNS to increase dopamine levels allowing to concentrate better and reduce hyperactivity
2) recreational drug
= dumps dopamine into synapse and makes user feel strong sense of accomplishments

38
Q

what is the street name of methamphetamine?

A

speed

39
Q

what is ritalin?

A

a drug to treat ADHD

40
Q

what is amphetamine?

A

a drug to treat ADHD

41
Q

how does ritalin and amphetamine differ?

A
  • ritalin = slow release
    amphetamine= dumps all dopamine
  • ritalin= sustained levels of stimulation
    amphetamine= surge of feeling great for short period of time
  • ritalin= control over dopamine levels for long period of time
    amphetamine= short half life
42
Q

what are the 4 ways that ADHD affects adult life?

A

1) structure
-better with jobs with structure and guidance
2) jobs
= better artists as increased creativity
3) creativity in work
- when can develop creative approach
4) decline in symptoms
- may decline w age or could be structure in life

wont decline if theres a lack of structure but the link isnt clear

43
Q

can ADHD be cured or are the symptoms just be reduced?

A

just reduced

2nd Developmental (7 decks)

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