ADHD

Question 1

ADHD is a developmental disorder

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Can ADHD continue to adulthood?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

can you still live a normal life with ADHD?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

what is atypical development?

Answer 4

when there is either :

1) a delay in the emergence of a partic behaviour
2) a child presents differently

Question 5

what is a developmental disorder?

Answer 5

one that begins in early years, can be in one area or several areas

Question 6

can developmental disorders continue through adult life ?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

developmental disorders cannot decline with age

Answer 7

false

Question 8

_____ is the worldwide prevalence for c with ADHD

Answer 8

5%

Question 9

what is the classification of symptoms of ADHD from DSM-V?

Answer 9

• either inattention or hyperactivity or both
• several symptoms before 12 yrs
• present in more than one location e.g. school, home
• symptoms interfereing w quality of social, academic or occupational functioning
• symptoms not exclusive to another disorder (scz) and not better explained by another disorder (mood, anxiety, personality, substance or withdrawal from substances)

Question 10

how many symptoms and for how long do they need to persist in inattention and hyperactivity and impassivity until diagnosis?

Answer 10

6 + of following symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree thats inconsistent w developmental level and that neg impacts directly on social and academic occupational activities

Question 11

Inattention +hyperactivity & impulsiveness:

for older adolescents and adults _______ at least 5 symptoms are required

Answer 11

17 and older

Question 12

____ to give close attention to details/careless mistakes in school

Answer 12

fails

Question 13

what are the additional co-morbidity diseases associated with ADHD?

Answer 13

• motor coordination
• IQ
• Academic attainment
• sleep
• social issues

Question 14

are ADHD suffers more likely to be less or better coordinated?

Answer 14

less

Question 15

what are the additional co-morbidity diseases associated with ADHD?

Answer 15

• motor coordination (less)
• IQ (less)
• Academic attainment (perform less well)
• sleep (more disturbances, longer fall asleep but need less sleep)
• social issues (less friends)

Question 16

are ADHD suffer likely to have a higher IQ?

Answer 16

no as links suggest that inattention during learning acts as a barrier

Question 17

are ADHD suffers likely to have better academic attainment?

Answer 17

• no
• less ready for schooling
• perform less well at knowing numbers, colours and shapes
• unclear if linked to ADHD or conduct disorder

Question 18

are children with ADHD more likely to make friends?

Answer 18

-no
-play is more aggressive and less coordinated
-

Question 19

are children with ADHD more likely to make friends?

Answer 19

• no

- play is more aggressive and less coordinated

Question 20

what are the 5 causes of ADHD?

Answer 20

1) Genes
2) Environment
3) Parents
4) diet (no def link to sugar)
5) Neuropsychology: cognitive dysregulation and delay aversion

Question 21

can ADHD be inherited?

Answer 21

yes, parents and siblings of c w ADHD have 2 to 8 fold increased risk of ADHD

Question 22

there is no link in deprived institutional care and rates of inattention and over-activity

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

c with ADHD have an ______ to stress. Their cortisol levels _______ following a stressor

Answer 23

atypical cortisol response
decrease

could be because poor response inhibition in the hypothalamic-pitutary-adrenal axis

Question 24

chaotic and disorganised parenting can allow development of ADHD in predisposed indivuduals?

Answer 24

true

Question 25

what is cognitive dysregualtion in neuropsychology regarding ADHD?

Answer 25

ADHD c's behvaiour stems from lack of planning, forethought and control

Question 26

what is delay aversion iin neuropsychology regarding ADHD?

Answer 26

- when c has control over environment they can minimise delay by acting impulsively - when no control, can daydream or fidget

Question 27

Treatment for ADHD is either ________ or ___________ | or a combination of the two

Answer 27

- psychosocial or behavioural intervention | - drug treatment

Question 28

what are psychosocial interventions for ADHD?

Answer 28

- parent training - teacher training - cognitive training/behavioural

Question 29

New forest parent training programme and triple-p positive parenting programme are both ________ training

Answer 29

parent

Question 30

what does new forest parent training programme involve? | sonuga-barke et al 01

Answer 30

- addresses core symptoms of ADHD - Targets key parenting skills 4 intervention components: 1) psycho-education 2) parent child relationship 3) behaviour training and limit setting 4) attention training

Question 31

what does triple-p positive parenting programme involve? | sanders et al 00

Answer 31

- 17 core c management strategies including - 10x competence and development - 7x limit setting and managing disruptive behaviour

Question 32

what does teacher training involve?

Answer 32

- work with c and parents to set structure - set tone of what is expected behaviourally - speaking to child: address by name, use eyecontact, say what should be doing, clear step by step instructions - positive reinforcement - keep focus with concrete learning techniques building on their creativity

Question 33

what does behavioural training involve?

Answer 33

``` setting rules clear commands set expectations reward system change techniques as child gets older = sim to teacher training as this system should be used at home and school ```

Question 34

there is evidence to suggest that ADHD is due to an imbalance or lack of ________ in the brain. There may also be a lack of __________

Answer 34

dopamine | norepinephrine

Question 35

____ is related to rewards and control and ____ is related to stress

Answer 35

dopamine | norepinephrine

Question 36

is dopamine or norepinephrine related to happiness?

Answer 36

both

Question 37

what are the two uses of methamphetamine? a stimulant of the CNS

Answer 37

1) treat ADHD: =stimulates the CNS to increase dopamine levels allowing to concentrate better and reduce hyperactivity 2) recreational drug = dumps dopamine into synapse and makes user feel strong sense of accomplishments

Question 38

what is the street name of methamphetamine?

Answer 38

speed

Question 39

what is ritalin?

Answer 39

a drug to treat ADHD

Question 40

what is amphetamine?

Answer 40

a drug to treat ADHD

Question 41

how does ritalin and amphetamine differ?

Answer 41

- ritalin = slow release amphetamine= dumps all dopamine - ritalin= sustained levels of stimulation amphetamine= surge of feeling great for short period of time - ritalin= control over dopamine levels for long period of time amphetamine= short half life

Question 42

what are the 4 ways that ADHD affects adult life?

Answer 42

1) structure -better with jobs with structure and guidance 2) jobs = better artists as increased creativity 3) creativity in work - when can develop creative approach 4) decline in symptoms - may decline w age or could be structure in life wont decline if theres a lack of structure but the link isnt clear

Question 43

can ADHD be cured or are the symptoms just be reduced?

Answer 43

just reduced