ADHD Flashcards
ADHD is a developmental disorder
true
Can ADHD continue to adulthood?
yes
can you still live a normal life with ADHD?
yes
what is atypical development?
when there is either :
1) a delay in the emergence of a partic behaviour
2) a child presents differently
what is a developmental disorder?
one that begins in early years, can be in one area or several areas
can developmental disorders continue through adult life ?
yes
developmental disorders cannot decline with age
false
_____ is the worldwide prevalence for c with ADHD
5%
what is the classification of symptoms of ADHD from DSM-V?
- either inattention or hyperactivity or both
- several symptoms before 12 yrs
- present in more than one location e.g. school, home
- symptoms interfereing w quality of social, academic or occupational functioning
- symptoms not exclusive to another disorder (scz) and not better explained by another disorder (mood, anxiety, personality, substance or withdrawal from substances)
how many symptoms and for how long do they need to persist in inattention and hyperactivity and impassivity until diagnosis?
6 + of following symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree thats inconsistent w developmental level and that neg impacts directly on social and academic occupational activities
Inattention +hyperactivity & impulsiveness:
for older adolescents and adults _______ at least 5 symptoms are required
17 and older
____ to give close attention to details/careless mistakes in school
fails
what are the additional co-morbidity diseases associated with ADHD?
- motor coordination
- IQ
- Academic attainment
- sleep
- social issues
are ADHD suffers more likely to be less or better coordinated?
less
what are the additional co-morbidity diseases associated with ADHD?
- motor coordination (less)
- IQ (less)
- Academic attainment (perform less well)
- sleep (more disturbances, longer fall asleep but need less sleep)
- social issues (less friends)
are ADHD suffer likely to have a higher IQ?
no as links suggest that inattention during learning acts as a barrier
are ADHD suffers likely to have better academic attainment?
- no
- less ready for schooling
- perform less well at knowing numbers, colours and shapes
- unclear if linked to ADHD or conduct disorder
are children with ADHD more likely to make friends?
-no
-play is more aggressive and less coordinated
-
are children with ADHD more likely to make friends?
- no
- play is more aggressive and less coordinated
what are the 5 causes of ADHD?
1) Genes
2) Environment
3) Parents
4) diet (no def link to sugar)
5) Neuropsychology: cognitive dysregulation and delay aversion
can ADHD be inherited?
yes, parents and siblings of c w ADHD have 2 to 8 fold increased risk of ADHD
there is no link in deprived institutional care and rates of inattention and over-activity
FALSE
c with ADHD have an ______ to stress. Their cortisol levels _______ following a stressor
atypical cortisol response
decrease
could be because poor response inhibition in the hypothalamic-pitutary-adrenal axis
chaotic and disorganised parenting can allow development of ADHD in predisposed indivuduals?
true
what is cognitive dysregualtion in neuropsychology regarding ADHD?
ADHD c’s behvaiour stems from lack of planning, forethought and control
what is delay aversion iin neuropsychology regarding ADHD?
- when c has control over environment they can minimise delay by acting impulsively
- when no control, can daydream or fidget
Treatment for ADHD is either ________ or ___________
or a combination of the two
- psychosocial or behavioural intervention
- drug treatment
what are psychosocial interventions for ADHD?
- parent training
- teacher training
- cognitive training/behavioural
New forest parent training programme and triple-p positive parenting programme are both ________ training
parent
what does new forest parent training programme involve?
sonuga-barke et al 01
- addresses core symptoms of ADHD
- Targets key parenting skills
4 intervention components:
1) psycho-education
2) parent child relationship
3) behaviour training and limit setting
4) attention training
what does triple-p positive parenting programme involve?
sanders et al 00
- 17 core c management strategies including
- 10x competence and development
- 7x limit setting and managing disruptive behaviour
what does teacher training involve?
- work with c and parents to set structure
- set tone of what is expected behaviourally
- speaking to child: address by name, use eyecontact, say what should be doing, clear step by step instructions
- positive reinforcement
- keep focus with concrete learning techniques building on their creativity
what does behavioural training involve?
setting rules clear commands set expectations reward system change techniques as child gets older = sim to teacher training as this system should be used at home and school
there is evidence to suggest that ADHD is due to an imbalance or lack of ________ in the brain. There may also be a lack of __________
dopamine
norepinephrine
____ is related to rewards and control and ____ is related to stress
dopamine
norepinephrine
is dopamine or norepinephrine related to happiness?
both
what are the two uses of methamphetamine? a stimulant of the CNS
1) treat ADHD:
=stimulates the CNS to increase dopamine levels allowing to concentrate better and reduce hyperactivity
2) recreational drug
= dumps dopamine into synapse and makes user feel strong sense of accomplishments
what is the street name of methamphetamine?
speed
what is ritalin?
a drug to treat ADHD
what is amphetamine?
a drug to treat ADHD
how does ritalin and amphetamine differ?
- ritalin = slow release
amphetamine= dumps all dopamine - ritalin= sustained levels of stimulation
amphetamine= surge of feeling great for short period of time - ritalin= control over dopamine levels for long period of time
amphetamine= short half life
what are the 4 ways that ADHD affects adult life?
1) structure
-better with jobs with structure and guidance
2) jobs
= better artists as increased creativity
3) creativity in work
- when can develop creative approach
4) decline in symptoms
- may decline w age or could be structure in life
wont decline if theres a lack of structure but the link isnt clear
can ADHD be cured or are the symptoms just be reduced?
just reduced
