Nature, Variety Of Life And Movement Y9 Flashcards
What does Mrs Grenc stand for
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
Control
Example of movement
Walking
Example of respiration
Releasing energy from food
Example of sensitivity
Reacting to something hot and pulling hand away
Example of growth
Growing taller
Example of reproduction
Asexual-1 gamete
Example of excretion
Sweat
Example of nutrition
Obtaining glucose and mineral ions
Example of control
Ability to keep internal conditions the same
What has a membrane bound nucleus?
Protoctists, fungi, plants, animals
What has mitochondria
Protoctists, fungi, plants, animals
What has a cell wall?
Bacteria, Protoctists, fungi, plants
What is a bacteria’s cell wall made from?
Peptidoglycan
What is a Protoctists cell wall made from?
Peptidoglycan
What is a fungi’s cell wall made from?
Chitin
What is a plants cell wall made from?
Cellulose
What stores carbohydrates?
Bacteria, Protoctists, fungi, plants, animals
What carbohydrate does bacteria store?
Glycogen
What carbohydrate does Protoctists store?
Glycogen
What carbohydrate does fungi store?
Glycogen
What carbohydrate does plants store?
Starch
What carbohydrate does animals store?
Glycogen
Examples of bacteria
E.coli, salmonella
Examples of Protoctists
Amoeba, chlorella or a pathogenic example-plasmodium responsible for causing malaria
Example of fungi
Yeast, mucor
Examples of plants
Flowering plants e.g rose or a herbaceous legume e.g peas or beans
Examples of an animal
Mammals e.g Humans, elephants
Levels of organisation are:
Organelles, cells, tissues, organ, organ system, organism
What are multicellular
Plants, animals, sometimes fungi
What things are uni cellular
Protoctists, bacteria, some fungi
What do bacteria have instead of a nucleus
Circular chromosomes of DNA
How do we convert from 1mm to 1000um
Times 1000
Calculating magnification equation
Mag= image size/actual size
I
A M
What does um stand for
Micrometers
Put these numbers into standard form:
6000
400
0.007
0.0067
400 000
0.3
610’3
410’2
710’-3
6.710’-3
410’5
310’-1
What are fungi made out of
Long threads called hyphae
What do all eukaryotic cells have?
A membrane bound nucleus
Are most fungi uni and multi cellular
Multi
What do hyphae form
Many hyphae form a mycelium
What do the cells forming hyphae have
They contain spores for reproduction
How do fungi feed(word)
Saprotrophically
What is saprotrophic nutrition
The fungi releases extra cellular( out-side cells) enzymes directly onto the food, these enzymes then break down the food into small molecules that the fungal cells can then reabsorb the small molecules and then use these as food to be used in respiration to release energy
How do unicellular fungi reproduce
By budding( splitting into two=asexual reproduction)
What are fungi known as (along w bacteria)
Decomposers a they break down dead and decaying matter
Why does fungi grow in warmth and moisture better
When in warmth spores reproduce the most. Fungi need moisture to grow, most growth occurs on wet bread
Briefly describe Protoctists
Are any eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, fungi or animals
Protoctists don’t clearly fit into any of the other eukaryotic kingdoms
True
Are Protoctists multi or unicellular
Uni
Can Protoctists contain chloroplast
Yes they can but not all do some are closer to animal cells some closer to plants
Meaning of pathogenic
Can cause diseases
Example of pathogenic pathogen
Plasmodium-invades red blood cells and causes malaria
Example of Protoctist closer to animal cells
Amoeba-live in pond water
Examples of Protoctists closer to plant cells
Chlorella-have chloroplasts
What kingdoms can be pathogens
Fungi, bacteria, Protoctists and Viruses (not a kingdom)
What are prokaryotes?
Bacteria and other things
They have NO membrane bound organelles d.g no nucleus or mitochondria
Do all bacteria have capsules
No
What is a chromosome (nucleoid)
Circular loop of DNA
Why do bacteria have flagellum
To create movemnt
What are plasmids in bacteria
They contain DNA and all bacteria have them
What is antigens
Any substance that causes your body to create antibodies against itself
Why are bacteria useful
Photosynthesis
Decomposers
Pathogens
Lactobacillus bulgaricus causes milk to thicken
Are viruses alive
No they are NOT living organisms
What are the smallest pathogens
Viruses
How can viruses be seen
A very powerful electron microscope
Do viruses have cytoplasm
No
Virus characteristics (3)
They are parasitic and live on/in hosts and all act as pathogens
They can only reproduce inside the host cells
Consist of either RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat with no cell structure
Examples of viruses(3)
-HIV causes AIDS
-Influenza causes flu
-Tobacco mosaic virus causes discolouring of leaves from tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts
Examples of bacteria
-Lactobacillus Bulgaricus used to thicken milk
-Pneumococcus causes pneumonia
Cytoplasm function
Most chemical reactions take place here
Nucleus function
To hold DNA
Cell membrane function
Controls what enters and exits the cell
Cell wall function
Gives cell structure
Helps maintain tugor pressure
Ribosomes function
Makes protein
Vacuole function
Stores cell sap
Sap made out of water and sugar
What is sap made out of
Water and sugar
Chloroplasts function
Contains chlorophyll for absorbing light for photosynthesis
Mitochondria function
Generates energy to power the cell
