Genes Y8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does variation mean?

A

Differences between organisms

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2
Q

Organisms of the same species do they have less or more variation than organisms from different species?

A

They have less variation because they’re the same species

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3
Q

What does species mean?

A

A group of living organisms containing similar individuals

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4
Q

What two things can cause variation?

A

Environment and genes(or both)

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5
Q

What type of variation causes eyecolour?

A

Genes

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6
Q

Example of genetic variation

A

Eyecolour or finger length

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7
Q

Example of environmental variation

A

Tattoos or piercings

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8
Q

Example of environmental and genetic variation

A

Hair colour and skin colour

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9
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

When all the values could follow on from one another Eg height, weight

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10
Q

What is discontinuous variation?

A

The values are in discrete categories e.g eye colour, species of tree

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11
Q

Another word for discontinuous

A

Discreet

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12
Q

Are plants more or less likely than animals to be influenced by their environment?

A

More likely because they cannot move

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13
Q

Name some factors in the environment which could affect plant growth

A

Water, sunlight, minerals (in soil), space, temperature

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14
Q

Put these inside order: chromosome, gene, cell, nucleus, DNA molecule (largest to smallest)

A

Cell, nucleus, chromosome, gene , DNA molecule

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15
Q

Where are chromosomes found?

A

In the nucleus

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16
Q

What are chromosomes made of?

A

DNA

17
Q

What is a gene?

A

A short section of DNA

18
Q

What is each gene used to make?

A

Each gene is a code used to make a particular protein in the body

19
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are there in our bodies?

A

23(46 chromosomes)

20
Q

What is special about 23rd chromosome pair?

A

They may not be identical to each other

21
Q

What’s different about sex cells with chromosomes?

A

They don’t have all 46 chromosomes they only have 23 so one of each pair

22
Q

How does the body decide which chromosomes will be in the sex cells?

A

It doesn’t it’s random

23
Q

What sex does XY make?

A

A male

24
Q

What sex does XX make?

A

Female

25
Q

What does the 23rd pair of chromosomes determine?

A

Your sex(xx for female, xy for male)

26
Q

Why are twins the best people to study if you want to find out about the how the environment influences characteristics?

A

you know that any variation has to be caused by their environment, not genetics

27
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different versions of the same gene

28
Q

How is an allele for eyes different to a gene?

A

There is a gene that codes for human eye colour, and there are several alleles e.g coding for blue eyes, brown eyes ect

29
Q

How many alleles do you inherit for each gene?

A

2of each gene

30
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

One that is always expressed, ie if even if only one parent gave the allele to the child, it will still be seen

31
Q

Example of a dominant allele

A

Brown eyes

32
Q

What are recessive alleles?

A

These can only be expressed when we inherit to one from each of our parents

33
Q

Example of a recessive allele

A

Blue eyes

34
Q

What is a polygenic traits?

A

A trait that is controlled by several genes

35
Q

What is a monogenic trait?

A

A trait that is controlled by one gene